Bishkek Academy of Finance and Economics

ABSTRACTThe circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) is a benign congenital eye tumor whose etiology is not clear. A 41‐year‐old female patient came with a 2‐year history of slowly progressive deteriorating vision in her right eye. In the left eye, the best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/6, and counting fingers at 1 m in the right eye. The wide‐field fundus showed a yellow macular lesion with indistinct limits, which is a sign of serous retinal detachment. B‐scan ultrasonography revealed a clear‐cut choroidal lesion, high internal reflectivity, and visible intrinsic vascularity on color Doppler. OCT has shown a massive choroidal mass with damaged RPE and outer retinal layers, which has been obscured by serous retinal detachment. The chest x‐ray revealed bronchiectatic opacities, the CT scan revealed no lung lesions, and LFTs and RFTs were normal. The fluorescein angiography revealed a choroidal hemangioma with early vascularity and late hyperfluorescence. Nonetheless, the retinal team chose the option of observation instead of TTT, radiotherapy, or verteporfin photodynamic therapy due to the closeness of the lesion to the macula, low visual acuity, and lack of verteporfin PDT in Pakistan. To sum up, the present case demonstrates the significance of multimodal imaging in the proper diagnosis of choroidal hemangiomas and the necessity to pay close attention to patient‐specific factors when making treatment decisions, especially in limited resource settings.

The burden of vastly different diseases has been used to predict National Institutes of Health (NIH) research funding, typically including only 1 year of data. A multi-year analysis of related diseases would provide a more accurate assessment of which diseases are funded appropriately compared to their burden, enabling targeted lobbying efforts and policy changes to ensure equitable funding. Determining under- or over-funded psychiatric and neurological diseases over a 13-year period. This ecological study utilized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to quantify disease burden. Quantile regression residuals and 95% CIs at several quantiles determined under- or over-funding. Joinpoint regression delineated DALY trends using average annual percent change (AAPC). The United States. Persons contributing DALYs from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, depressive disorders, eating disorders, schizophrenia, epilepsy, headache disorders, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, or stroke. None. The difference between actual and predicted funding. Changes in DALYs had a greater impact at higher funding levels. Eating and headache disorders were significantly underfunded at all quantiles. The severity of underfunding at the 50 th quantile decreased for eating (363% [CI: 329%, 386%] to 190% [CI: 170%, 204%]) and headache (1497% [CI: 1164%, 1665%] to 676% [CI: 514%, 759%]) disorders from 2011 to 2023. Disability-adjusted life years for eating disorders decreased (AAPC=-1.0% [CI:-1.1%,-0.9%]), whereas DALYs for headache disorders increased marginally (AAPC=0.1% [CI: 0.1%, 0.1%]). Changes in disease burden were correlated with more significant funding changes in diseases with greater baseline funding. The 2 lowest-funded diseases, eating and headache disorders, are being drastically underfunded compared to their disease burden. While this was not correlated with significant aberrations in disease burden trends in the study period, further lobbying efforts and policy changes must be considered to ensure these diseases receive equitable funding.

Education policy must prioritize research-driven mathematics textbook development to ensure rigorous alignment with curriculum reforms. The purpose of this study was to investigate research trends on Indonesian Government Provided (IGP) mathematics textbooks. This literature review examined the Science and Technology Index (SINTA), an Indonesian research database that includes researchers, institutions and journals in Indonesia. The use of several frameworks helped to capture the nature of research in this area. First, we classified textbooks based on their role as either research objects, dependent variables, or independent variables. Then, we applied content, theoretical, and problem analysis. In general, the number of studies on IGP mathematics textbooks has fluctuated from 2016 to 2024. Furthermore, they have focused on specific mathematics subjects and educational levels. Interestingly, the results also showed that all the studies on IGP mathematics textbooks treated them as a research subject. Their distribution in terms of content, theoretical and problem analysis varied considerably. The impact of this study is not just academic; it is a pragmatic step to ensure that research-driven textbook regulations translate into measurable improvements in learning materials.

Abstract The Russian migration into Central Asia in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine represents a new angle in which Central Asia is the place that receives Russian migration. As such, it offers a new perspective on mass migration motivations which, as described below, are predetermined not only by the political environment, and the personal norms and values that collide with the grand narrative in Russia but also significantly influenced by the economic and social motivations of relocating Russians. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the position of Central Asia for such immigrants as a new international migration destination, based on the narratives, motivations, and expectations of relocants/migrants from Russia and Belarus.

Professional identity (PI) has been linked to job satisfaction and retention, with research suggesting that fostering a strong PI during nursing education can help mitigate burnout and reduce turnover. However, few studies have explored how various learning experiences contribute to PI development. The purpose of this study was to describe the connections between educational experiences and PI. An open-ended prompt was disseminated to prelicensure nursing students. Participants described an experience that connected them to their PI. Thematic analysis was used to analyze responses and identify key themes. Four main themes emerged as influential in PI development: relationships, confidence, autonomy, and hinge moments. Positive relationships with patients, preceptors, and colleagues were identified as critical in strengthening PI. Clinical and classroom experiences that boosted confidence and autonomy were also essential. Hinge moments, such as meaningful patient interactions or significant clinical events, were pivotal in shaping students' PI. Findings identified key factors that shape PI, emphasizing the need for hands-on learning experiences such as simulations and early clinical exposure.

El Régimen Simplificado para Emprendedores y Negocios Populares (RIMPE) fue implementado en Ecuador como un sistema tributario que reemplaza al Régimen Impositivo Simplificado Ecuatoriano (RISE). Su propósito es regular la tributación de emprendedores y negocios populares, diferenciando las obligaciones fiscales según los ingresos anuales. Los emprendedores con ingresos de hasta $3,000,000 deben emitir comprobantes tributarios y cumplir con retenciones de IVA, mientras que los negocios populares con ingresos menores a $20,000 solo emiten notas de venta.El estudio analizó la percepción de los contribuyentes sobre el RIMPE a través de encuestas aplicadas a 143 personas. Los resultados revelan un desconocimiento significativo de la normativa y sus implicaciones, lo que ha generado dificultades en el cumplimiento tributario. Aunque el régimen facilita la formalización de pequeños negocios, la falta de estrategias de comunicación y capacitación ha afectado su implementación.En términos económicos, la pandemia de COVID-19 impulsó la necesidad de alternativas laborales, incrementando la cantidad de emprendimientos. Sin embargo, el sistema RIMPE presenta desafíos en la educación tributaria, lo que se refleja en niveles de incumplimiento. El Servicio de Rentas Internas (SRI) debe fortalecer su estrategia de difusión para garantizar el éxito del régimen.

The OSCE Academy, established in 2002 in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, stands as a unique regional initiative. It marked the first time the OSCE partnered with a participating state to create a training institution. As of 2024, the Academy boasts over 650 alumni working across various sectors both within Central Asia and beyond. In this interview with the Academy’s Interim Director, Pal Dunay, we explore the origins of the OSCE Academy, the evolution of its curriculum, and the challenges it currently faces. We also reflect on the vital role of education in promoting regional development. Академия ОБСЕ была основана в 2002 году в Бишкеке (Кыргызстан) и стала уникальной региональной инициативой. ОБСЕ впервые создала учебное заведение в сотрудничестве с государством-участником. К 2024 году более 650 выпускников Академии работают в различных секторах как в Центральной Азии, так и за её пределами. Пал Дунай, временный директор Академии, рассказал в интервью об истории создания Академии ОБСЕ, развитии её учебных программ и текущих вызовах. Мы также обсудили важную роль образования в развитии региона.

The building sector has great potential to contribute to the global goals of energy efficiency and sustainability. However, some Brazilian developments feature similar designs, irrespective of the climate. Cost is often prioritized over thermal comfort, particularly in the social housing category. This article aims to evaluate the energy efficiency of social housing models in Betim/MG, using LEED criteria such as location, sustainability, water and energy consumption, materials, and indoor air quality. The result was classified as Gold with no changes made to the original project. Additional strategies could enhance performance and serve as guidelines for similar projects.

Beberapa studi mengenai persoalan sampah di negara global-selatan masih banyak menyerukan suara pesimistis tentang pengelolaan sampah. Belum banyak ditemukan warga global-selatan yang memandang sampah bukan sebagai barang kotor semata melainkan sumber daya sisa yang berharga. Single case study ini mengungkap hal yang berbeda. Praksis pengolahan sampah yang dilakukan oleh dua kelompok masyarakat urban di Kota Jakarta Timur, Indonesia, yakni Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) Rumah Kaum Jayakarta dalam Program Agroeduwisata Jayakarta menunjukkan bahwa kelompok tersebut telah memiliki pandangan dan praktik pengelolaan sampah yang tidak saja menguntungan secara lingkungan, namun juga secara ekonomi dan budaya. Program tersebut diterapkan dan dikembangkan melalui kerjasama dengan CSR PT ANTAM Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia. Dalam temuan studi ini, selain sampah diperlakukan bukan sebagai barang kotor dan rusak, namun sampah justru dapat dikonversikan menjadi emas. Praksis yang telah dilakukan kelompok dalam program tersebut selaras dengan konsep pembangunan kota berkelanjutan.

The authors examined the initial implementation of the Indiana Adolescent Addiction Access (AAA) program, modeled on the widely disseminated Child Psychiatry Access Program framework. The AAA program developed a statewide consultation helpline to connect health care providers with adolescent addiction specialists. The AAA line was staffed by a coordinator, who fielded initial questions, and on-call clinical specialists (social workers, nurse practitioners, psychiatrists, and psychologists), who were paged to complete telephone consultations and provide care recommendations. When necessary, AAA providers offered urgent clinical assessments and initiated treatment. Descriptive analyses were performed for key variables over the first 21 months of AAA operations. From July 2021 to March 2023, a total of 125 consultations were completed. Most callers were health care providers (71%) or parents (27%). Calls pertained to youths ages 10-18 years (mean±SD age=16.4±1.3; 62% of callers were male, 84% White, and 11% Black), with concerns around cannabis (63%), opioids (38%), and other substances. About 26% of calls related to an overdose, and 41% of cases were rated as severe. Recommendations included starting new medications (17%) or outpatient therapy (86%), and 17% of consultations resulted in urgent evaluations. The Indiana AAA program helps overcome key barriers to adolescent substance use treatment. Increasing the capacity to initiate medication for opioid use disorder and other treatment rapidly through consultation and direct care is a promising, scalable approach for preventing overdose deaths among youths.