Biwako Gakuin University

Democratic politics is a system where power rests with the people, who participate directly or through elected representatives, emphasizing equality, justice, accountability, and rule of law, contrasting with centralized power in authoritarian regimes. Key aspects include free and fair elections, constitutional limits on government, protection of minority rights, power-sharing, and public engagement in decision-making, all designed to ensure governance within defined limits and uphold citizen rights. It upholds citizens rights, rule of law, sovereignty of the people, accountability and power sharing. Democratic politics involves continuous negotiation, conflict, and cooperation over interests, ideas, and resources, as seen in debates over issues like representation, language, or economic policy. It's a dynamic process where citizens and leaders work to shape society within a framework that aims for stability, justice, and inclusive governance. The nature of polity and the role of civil society plays a vital role in reshaping democratic politics and governance. Governance is the system of processes, rules, and structures for making and implementing decisions, involving government, civil society, and the private sector to manage public affairs, ensuring accountability, transparency, and effectiveness in achieving societal goals, going beyond just the formal government to include interactions and networks. It's about steering society, defining acceptable conduct, and wielding authority through agreed-upon norms, values, and laws for collective well-being and resource management. Governance determines a society's capacity to deliver services, manage resources, ensure stability, and promote sustainable development, directly impacting citizen welfare and public trust. Accountability, transparency, rule of law, participation, responsiveness, equity and inclusiveness is the buzz words of governance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of body weight resistance training with slow movement and tonic force generation on muscle deoxygenation during arterial occlusion at rest. Eleven untrained healthy young male subjects performed Bulgarian split squat training for 3days per week for 8weeks. Each training session consisted of 4 sets of 10 repetitions (or until volitional failure). Before and after training, with the subject at rest in supine position, a pneumatic cuff was placed at the proximal site of the thigh and inflated to 250mmHg to induce the occlusion of arterial blood flow. During arterial occlusion, in the thigh distal to the cuff, muscle O2 saturation (SmO2) was continuously monitored at the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles using spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy. During occlusion, the slope of desaturation and area above the curve (AAC) from baseline values were evaluated. At VL, a significantly shallower desaturation slope was found after training, compared to before. As a result, AAC from baseline was significantly lower after training. In contrast, no significant changes in the desaturation slope or AAC were observed at RF. Body weight resistance training for 8weeks may cause a shallow desaturation slope during arterial occlusion at rest, though the effects of resistance training on desaturation response during arterial occlusion may be regional in quadriceps muscles.

The aim of this study was to investigate the skeletal muscle O2 dynamics during body-weight resistance exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation. Thirteen untrained, healthy, young males performed Bulgarian split squats and push-ups until volitional failure. Relative changes from rest in oxygenated haemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxygenated haemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) concentrations were continuously monitored at the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles during squats, and pectoralis major (PM) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles during push-ups using spatial resolved near-infrared spectroscopy oximetry. During the squat exercise, deoxy-Hb continuously increased at RF until failure (10.8±7.0μmol/L), while at VL, deoxy-Hb was relatively maintained during 25-100% of the number of maximum repetitions (18.0±7.4μmol/L at volitional failure). During the push-up exercise, a significant increase in deoxy-Hb was observed during exercise from rest at PM and TB. We found a significant increase in oxy-Hb during exercise at PM (28.1±15.8μmol/L at volitional failure), while at TB, no significant difference was observed from rest (-2.7±13.7μmol/L at volitional failure). Our findings suggest that the deoxygenation patterns during body-weight squat exercise were heterogeneous within the quadriceps muscles. Moreover, differences in O2 dynamics between the trunk and extremity muscles may be partly explained by convective O2 supply during resistance exercise. However, future studies are needed due to inter-individual differences in skills for body-weight resistance exercise.

Physical exercise is proven to be beneficial for health and studies have found that improved aerobic capacity is linked to reduced mortality. Dr Shun Takagi, Faculty of Education and Welfare, Biwako-Gakuin University, Japan, conducts research on the relationship between aerobic capacity and muscle deoxygenation during aerobic exercise involving different forms of exercise and different populations. Most recently, he is investigating the relationship between muscle deoxygenation during resistance training and improvement of muscle strength and thickness by resistance training. Enhancement of muscle deoxygenation during resistance exercise may be one of the determinants of muscle hypertrophy and increase in muscle strength and an improvement of muscle thickness and strength is related to improved quality of life. Therefore, the research could help enhance health among adults. If Takagi observes through his studies a strong relationship between muscle deoxygenation and health-related physical fitness, muscle deoxygenation could prove to be a useful indicator for effective exercise training to improve health-related physical fitness. Takagi and the team hope to be able to identify the determinants of muscle deoxygenation and then move onto developing effective training programmes for all generations, especially the more elderly. The researchers are utilising spatial resolved near infrared spectroscopy (SR-NIRS) in their work, as well as a newly established optical fat correction method to overcome the fact that the variables measured by SR-NIRS are affected by light scattering in the fat layer. This method has enabled the team to overcome challenges and drive their research forward.

The proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks enhances data communication. The demand for data communication rapidly increases, which calls the emerging edge computing paradigm. Edge computing plays a major role in IoT networks and provides computing resources close to the users. Moving the services from the cloud to users increases the communication, storage, and network features of the users. However, massive IoT networks require a large spectrum of resources for their computations. In order to attain this, resource scheduling algorithms are employed in edge computing. Statistical and machine learning-based resource scheduling algorithms have evolved in the past decade, but the performance can be improved if resource requirements are analyzed further. A deep learning-based resource scheduling in edge computing IoT networks is presented in this research work using deep bidirectional recurrent neural network (BRNN) and convolutional neural network algorithms. Before scheduling, the IoT users are categorized into clusters using a spectral clustering algorithm. The proposed model simulation analysis verifies the performance in terms of delay, response time, execution time, and resource utilization. Existing resource scheduling algorithms like a genetic algorithm (GA), Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO), and LSTM-based models are compared with the proposed model to validate the superior performances.

Abstract Wireless sensor networks have been the major stake holders in almost all types of wireless communication standards and applications in the recent decade. Their ability to be deployed almost anywhere on the globe make them indispensable. However, in the research of the Wireless sensor networks (WSN), trouble in coverage is one of the fundamental problems. Coverage computation in a way finds a major role to find out the energetic amount of sensor nodes required for sensing the monitoring region. Initially the investigator deals the resolving process of maximum flawless ratio of coverage for three-sensor nodes. Then by the resultant of work, grants the solution method of the estimated value of quality of coverage and also provides the method in elaborate manner for finding the least amount of sensor nodes for effective coverage of monitoring area. Finally, the technique to find out the redundancy for W communicative nodes has been provided. All the above issues have been mathematically worked out to justify the coverage research issue.

In school education, it is important to encourage students to improve their social skills. Umegaki et al. (2016b) have developed an instructional model known as the Acquisition of Social Knowledge in Sport (ASKS) Model for facilitating improvement in social skills in the context of physical education. They consider that the ASKS Model with heterogeneous team organization would improve social skills that would be applicable to daily life outside of physical education classes and help students to maintain these social skills. However, no previous study has examined whether the ASKS Model would be effective for homogeneously organized teams. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the type of team organization that would be most effective for the ASKS Model by comparing physical education classes with the ASKS Model based on homogeneous teams and heterogeneous teams. The study focused on physical education classes for male students in the second year of junior high school. The classes included those without the ASKS Model, those with the ASKS Model based on homogeneous teams, and those with the ASKS Model based on heterogeneous teams. A formative evaluation of friendship-building and the KiSS-18 questionnaire on paper were administered before and after each class. The study confirmed two points: First, the ASKS Model appeared to be effective when heterogeneous teams were organized. Second, the effectiveness was suggested to be improved when heterogeneity of motor skill was maintained rather than heterogeneity of social skills.

With increasing design complexity, as well as continued scaling of supplies, the design and analysis of power distribution networks poses a difficult problem in modern IC design. We propose several closed-form solutions for power distribution network optimization and analysis which explicitly take into consideration the mesh topology. An RLC model for on-chip power distribution networks is presented for array and wire bonded integrated circuits including inter block decoupling capacitors and impedances. One of the more common design techniques for power distribution networks PDN is the determination of the impedance & supply noise. Current-mode technique is used. By using this current mode technique noise and impedance, voltage is analyzed.