Bjørnson (Norway)

Recovery colleges (RCs) represent an innovation in mental health services. Facilitators with experiential knowledge or formal mental health training collaborate with students with lived experience or formal training to deliver courses in RCs. This paper examines the transformation of roles when co-creating new mental health services. We conducted a critical ethnographic study, collecting data from participatory observations in RCs at two locations and interviews with facilitators with formal mental health training and those with experiential knowledge. Drawing on “communitas” and “social ties,” we analyse the social dynamics of co-creation practices in RCs. Our findings reveal that traditional service roles and normative structures in mental health services are dissolved or redefined through these co-creation practices. Facilitators initiate sharing rituals that foster equality and communitas and continuously assess their disclosures. We understand this dissolution of the normative social structure as a liminal state in which facilitators gradually transition into new positions. However, significant differences in social status and the daily lives of facilitators and students challenge communitas, indicating that the dissolution of roles can be temporary. While co-creation practices in RCs demonstrate significant potential in transforming roles and enhancing mental health interventions, sustaining these changes in broader mental health services remains challenging. Further research is needed to explore the sustainability of these transformed roles and their integration into broader mental health services.

An experimental study of smoldering in thin layers of pyrolysis oil on an inert substrate of calcium silicate boards has been conducted. The smoldering fronts propagated with velocities up to 0.4mm/s, which is significantly faster than other types of smoldering without forced air flow. The smoldering propagation velocity increased both with thinner layer of pyrolysis oil and higher initial fuel temperature. Our experimental observations are in close correspondence with a theoretical model based on energy balance, where the availability of oxygen at the substrate surface is the main limiting mechanism. Both the front peak temperature and the front width are correlated to the initial fuel temperature. We also report observations of instability phenomena, including double fronts propagating in close succession. The temperature dynamics were observed by high resolution infrared thermography. The findings contribute to the understanding of the governing mechanisms of smoldering combustion of liquids on inert media, and in particular the fast smoldering fronts that have been observed along the surface of porous insulating materials in experiments with smoldering cotton.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how old persons perceived their life to be, how they viewed the ageing process and their need of health care and societal support. The purpose of WHO's Healthy Ageing strategy and development of age-friendly environments is to support physiological and psychosocial changes in old persons by facilitating basic needs. Interventions to operationalize these needs in older people living at home are often developed from a professional perspective and to a small extent involves the perceptions, experience and expectations of the older persons. This qualitative study has an explorative design using focus group discussions to collect data. In all, 34 persons between 69 and 93 years of age participated in seven group discussions. The interviews were analyzed using inductive manifest content analysis. The main results suggest that most old persons enjoyed life and wished it to continue for as long as possible. Important was to sustain networks and to feel useful. Unexpected changes were described as threats and the need to use health care services was associated with illness and being dependent. The result is presented in three categories with sub-categories: 'Embracing life', 'Dealing with challenges' and 'Considering the future'.

We aimed to determine the effect of workplace violence on long-term sickness absence, and whether social support from supervisors and colleagues buffer this effect. Information on workplace violence and social support were derived from the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study in 2000, 2005, and 2010 and the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health in 2006 and 2008. Individual- and joint-effects on register-based long-term sickness absence were determined using logistic regression models for repeated measurements. Cohort-specific estimates were combined in random effect meta-analyses. Workplace violence and low social support were independently associated with a higher risk of long-term sickness absence, and we did not find evidence of an interaction. Exposure to workplace violence is a risk factor for long-term sickness absence while social support is associated with a lower risk of long-term sickness absence.

Background Identifying deliberate self-harm in the young and its relationship with bullying victimization is an important public health issue. Methods A systematic review was performed to explore evidence of the association between deliberate self-harm and school bullying victimization in young people, as well as the mediating effect of depressive symptoms and self-stigma on this association. An advanced search in the following electronic databases was conducted in January 2018: PubMed/Medline; CINAHL; PsycINFO; PsycARTICLES; Science Direct; Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were further assessed for their methodological integrity. The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for Health Services tool was applied for cross-sectional studies and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme instrument for the cohort studies. Only empirical quantitative studies published in the English language in peer reviewed journals during the last decade (2007-2018) aimed at exploring the association between deliberate self-harm and school bullying victimization in community-based schoolchildren with a mean age of under 20 years were included. Results The reviewed cross-sectional and cohort studies (22) revealed a positive association between school bullying victimization and deliberate self-harm, including nonsuicidal self-injury, which remained statistically significant when controlled for the main confounders. The mediating role of depressive symptoms in the association between deliberate self-harm and school bullying victimization was confirmed. A dose-response effect was shown in the association between nonsuicidal self-injury and school bullying victimization, whilst the mediating effect of depressive symptoms needs to be further explored. No studies were found directly exploring the mediating effect of self-stigma in the association between deliberate self-harm and bullying victimization. Conclusion Targeted interventions aimed at eliminating victimization behaviours within the school context are therefore proposed, as well as interventions to promote healthy parenting styles for the parents of schoolchildren. Moreover, school healthcare professionals should screen students involved in bullying for self-injury, and vice versa.

Merging organizations face a number of challenges related to creation of a new establishment. Short deadlines put serious pressure on those, responsible for planning and implementing all possible types of changes. The main issue we direct attention on in this work is concerned with placing employees in new units according to their competencies in a well-organized and controlled way. Isotone Galois connections are used to secure a systematic approach for establishing a correspondence between employees’ competencies and units’ contents.

The dominating failure mechanisms for various electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, relays, silicon devices, etc. and the corresponding failure modes are briefly explained.

Probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) studies not only evaluate risk but also their results are very useful in safe, economical and effective design and operation of the engineering systems. This chapter presents various practical applications of PSA. The use of PSA in evaluating surveillance test interval and in-service inspection intervals at acceptable risk and reduced cost for nuclear power plant (NPP) is discussed.

The basics of mathematical theory that are relevant to the study of reliability and safety engineering are discussed in this chapter. The basic concepts of set theory and probability theory are explained first. Then the elements of component reliability are presented.