BlackBerry (United Kingdom)

Dog-related injuries, particularly bites, are a growing public health concern, yet context for effective prevention remains limited. This study takes a novel approach by analysing civil claims enquiry data to describe the context and impact of dog bite and non-bite incidents in England and Wales. Descriptive analysis of anonymised civil claims enquiry data from 2017 to 2024. Demographic and injury consequences were compared between bite and non-bite incidents using Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests. 816 incidents were analysed; 91.3% were dog bites, 6.7% dog strikes. Bites (n=745) occurred at private residential properties (52.8%) or on public highways or pavements (22.8%). Non-bite incidents (n=70) were in public spaces (48.6%) or public highways or pavements (25.7%). Delivery workers accounted for 28.1% of victims. Most dogs were off lead at the time of injury (78.8% bites, 85.7% non-bites). Fractures occurred in 72.7% (40/55) of non-bite incidents. Mental illness followed in 15.1% of bite cases and 10.0% of non-bites; 6.5% of individuals were clinically diagnosed with specific phobias, 4.1% with post-traumatic stress disorder. Work absence was reported in 59.5% of bites, while 54.3% reported lost earnings. Civil claims data offer valuable insights into the burden and context of dog-related injuries. Dog strikes, although less common, often result in severe injury. Most public incidents involved unrestrained dogs. This work provides emerging evidence of the psychological impact of dog-related injuries. We present a novel methodology for contextual injury research and highlight the need to assess enforceable dog lead use on highways and public spaces.

Anomaly detection techniques have been applied to the challenging problem of ensuring both cybersecurity and safety of connected vehicles. We propose a taxonomy of prior research in this domain. Our proposed taxonomy has 3 overarching dimensions subsuming 9 categories and 38 subcategories. Key observations emerging from the survey are: Real-world datasets are seldom used, but instead, most results are derived from simulations; V2V/V2I communications and in vehicle communication are not considered together; proposed techniques are seldom evaluated against a baseline; safety of the vehicles does not attract as much attention as cybersecurity.

The fast development of mobile services in China and the recent trend of touch-screen handheld devices precipitate researchers to understand user experience with mobile Chinese handwriting input (HWI). This research attempts to provide an integrated picture of user experience with Chinese HWI on touch-screen mobile phones. Five usability experts were invited to inspect usability problems of seven handwriting-enabled mobile phones, which varied in type of screens, writing tools and interaction approaches, operation systems, and handwriting recognizers. In a following usability evaluation with five novice users, we collected both quantitative data and qualitative data to give an overall performance assessment to the seven mobile phones and furthermore to analyze the usability issues with HWI. As a result, we identified 16 usability issues related with handwriting recognizers, input interfaces, and devices/users respectively.

Abstract Introduction: The phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is deregulated in a wide variety of cancers. Somatic activating mutations and amplifications in PI3K are common in multiple cancers including breast, colon, and lung cancer. PTEN, a phosphatase that converts PIP3 to PIP2 and thus has an opposing function to PI3K, is a commonly mutated tumor suppressor in multiple cancers including prostate and glioblastoma. Alterations of this pathway have been implicated in tumor initiation, progression, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis. PI3K/Akt pathway activation has also been implicated in therapeutic resistance. Thus PI3K is considered to be a promising therapeutic target for cancer. Summary of Results: Medicinal chemistry efforts resulted in the discovery of GDC-0980, a selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of PI3 Kinase and mTOR kinase with promising pharmacokinetic and pharmaceutical properties. Here we report the first pre-clinical profile of GDC-0980. This compound is a potent ATP-competitive Class I PI3 kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.8 nM against the PI3K p110apha subunit, 26.8 nM p110beta, 6.7 nM p110delta, 13.8 nM p110gamma, and an mTOR Kiapp of 17.3 nM. GDC-0980 demonstrates selectivity against a large panel of protein kinases as well as selectivity over PIK family kinases including Class II, Class III, and DNA-PK. GDC-0980 inhibits the PI3K signaling pathway in vitro causing a reversible G1 cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction in a subset of tumor cell lines. Levels of signaling pathway markers such as phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), PRAS40 (pPRAS40), and S6 (pS6) are rapidly and dramatically reduced following exposure of cells to GDC-0980. Oral dosing of GDC-0980 potently inhibits tumor growth in xenograft models including those mutated in PI3K and PTEN, and elicits an exposure-related concomitant decrease in PD biomarkers. Conclusion: These preclinical data provide compelling evidence in support of GDC-0980 as a clinical candidate, and Phase I studies are ongoing. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C201.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a multi‐expert system that can provide designers with suggestions for improvement. The multi‐expert system can analyse a design and provide designers with ideas for changes to designs at an early stage in order to improve assembly later in the manufacturing process.Design/methodology/approachThe whole system consists of four expert systems: computer‐aided design (CAD) expert, automated assembly expert, manual assembly expert and design analysis expert. The design analysis expert includes a sub‐system to collate the information from the assembly experts and to provide costs and advice.FindingsThe paper finds that the approach and the systems can reduce manufacturing costs and lead times.Research limitations/implicationsA knowledge‐based reckoning approach to design‐for‐assembly automation is used. The approach and systems can reduce manufacturing costs and lead times. The system can estimate assembly time and cost for manual or automatic assembly and select suitable assembly techniques.Practical implicationsThe system can estimate assembly time and cost for manual or automatic assembly and select a suitable assembly technique.Originality/valueThe new system models assembly, product and process design using a natural approach for capturing intelligence. The new approach categorised automated assembly and manual assembly into separate individual experts. Intelligence and knowledge from each is captured and embedded within the individual expert that represented the process. This approach enabled greater flexibility and made the sub‐systems easier to modify, upgrade, extend and reuse.