- Research Article
- 10.65925/naa-v4-2025-bachman
Building Indians, Imagining Empire: Wax Figures, Race, and Colonialism in the Early American Republic
- Dec 29, 2025
- The New American Antiquarian
- Ryan Bachman
Baroness Hyde de Neuville stepped out of the summer heat and into New Haven's Columbian Museum.The visit was likely a welcome distraction from life in a wartime city.The War of 1812 had entered its second year by the time Anne Margurite Josphine Henriette Rouill de Marigny, Baroness Hyde de Neuville, traveled to New Haven.Every day, newspapers warned of the growing Royal Navy presence in Long Island Sound, and some nearby towns had even been evacuated for fear of attack. 1 Inside the museum, the baroness temporarily escaped the pall hanging over the community.Hyde de Neuville made her way around taxidermied animals, cases of seashells, and paintings chronicling the Napoleonic Wars-perhaps an evocative sight for the exiled French noble-until she reached the hall of waxwork.Two wax Indians at the end of the gallery evidently caught her eye. 2 A talented artist, she took out her sketchbook and began to draw.Wax Indians were a common sight in the museums of the early republic.Indeed, nearly every museum in the country contained some variation of a waxen warrior or chief during this period. 3 Unfortunately, despite their past ubiquity, none of these models survived to the present. 4Indeed, Hyde de Neuville's drawing (Figure 1) is the only known depiction of such figures from the early national era.The exhibit captured by the baroness featured two wax Indians in a dugout canoe.
Read more