Bluffton University

Accurately documenting reproductive status is prerequisite for effectively monitoring wildlife population trends, population stability, and species-specific conservation objectives. Unfortunately, the accepted methods for determining reproductive status of North American bats can be subjective, and accuracy is influenced by experience of the handler. For small mammals other than bats, ultrasound can provide a reliable method for determining pregnancy. Our goal was to determine the efficacy of using ultrasound relative to abdominal palpation typically used by biologists to determine pregnancy in bats in the field. Although there are some advantages of using ultrasound in the field, this method did not outperform abdominal palpation substantively to warrant its expense.

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MedEd Medical Communications, LLC, Bluffton, South Carolina, USA. Correspondence to Iulia Filip, BS, MFA, MedEd Medical Communications, LLC, 23 Whiteoaks Circle, Bluffton, SC 29910, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Received 5 October, 2023 Revised 13 October, 2023 Accepted 19 October, 2023

We must look upon significant instances in the history of Eugenics, such as the California sterilization legislation, as an example of what can happen if regulatory policies are not enacted. The stories of the primarily Latina women who were involuntary sterilized serves as a warning, and reminder of what can happen when vague language in laws allows for the manifestation of personal bias in the reproduction rights of others. A variety of personal and societal factors influence our individual opinions on Eugenics, however, regardless of our opinion we must acknowledge the negative consequences for many disadvantaged groups when Eugenics goes unregulated. When examining eugenics in a modern context (Gene therapy,) there must be legislation that regulates what genes can, and cannot be altered, to prevent personal prejudices from eradicating entire groups of people with a certain disability or disease.

9129 Background: National oncology guidelines advocate for broad molecular profiling to detect potentially actionable driver mutations prior to initiation of first-line therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results of genomic tests can confirm the presence of specific cancer tumor mutations that are best treated with more targeted therapies. Recent studies have shown that up to 30% of lung cancer patients may not receive the most effective treatment due to a lack of guideline-concordant genomic testing. We analyzed data from our prior authorization medical oncology program to determine adherence to national guidelines recommendations, and then developed a program to improve adherence to broad molecular profiling utilizing our proprietary prior authorization algorithms and our proactive peer consultation model. Methods: eviCore healthcare uses the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) to support its proprietary program for medical oncology drug management, and requires attestation on the results of NCCN recommended genomic/molecular test results in advanced NSCLC during prior authorization of systemic therapy. In November 2019, we implemented a next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing results requirement for metastatic non-squamous NSCLC patients prior to first-line therapy approval. If testing had not been completed, a peer to peer consultation was performed to advocate for testing prior to initiation of chemoimmunotherapy regimens. The rate of appropriate tumor testing is defined by provider attestation of test results prior to initiation of therapy. We define the control period (pre- implementation) as October 2018 through September 2019 ( n = 667). The measurement period (post-implementation) is January 2020 through December 2020 ( n = 390). Results: From pre to post there was a 35% increase in testing adherence (p < 0.001). After the testing requirement was implemented, the appropriate tumor testing rate increased to 99% by the second half of 2020, compared to the control period (62%). Additionally, after the testing requirement began, pembrolizumab utilization for advanced stage NSCLC decreased by a net 4.2% per month. This decrease in pembrolizumab utilization likely reflected patients being matched to more appropriate targeted therapy based on genomic testing results. Conclusions: We demonstrate that by combining medical oncology prior authorization with focused peer consultation, adherence to national society recommendations for broad molecular profiling prior to initiating first line therapy in advanced NSCLC can be significantly improved. By improving testing adherence, the most effective and appropriate therapy can be matched to the patient.