Bose (United States)

Ushbu maqolada dukkakli ekinlar hosildorligini oshirishda biopreparatlarning qo‘llanilishi, ularning agrobiologik xususiyatlari va samaradorlik mexanizmlari yoritilgan bir qator tajribalarning tahlili bilan tanishishingiz mumkin. Dukkakli ekinlarning rizobakteriyalar bilan simbiont aloqaga kirishishi natijasida atmosfera azotini o‘zlashtirib, o‘simlikning oziqlanishiga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishi hamda tuproq unumdorligini oshirishi ilmiy asosda tahlil qilinadi

Development of large-scale rock friction apparatus started around 2010 at National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) in Japan (Fukuyama et al., 2014, NIED Rep.). Until now, three generations of the apparatus have already been developed, whose sliding area ranges from 1.5 m to 6.0 m in length. The purpose of this project was to investigate the rock frictional properties and earthquake rupture process at various sliding scales. There are two important characteristics in these apparatuses. One is that the nucleation zone size can be generated within the sliding fault area. The other is that the nucleation process can be spatially monitored by local strain measurement array installed close to the sliding surfaces. When nucleation zone is confined to the experimental fault surfaces, the whole rupture process from initiation to termination could be able to be observed in the experiments (Yamashita et al., 2026, EGU). Using these apparatuses, many kinds of large-scale rock friction experiments have been conducted. Through such experimental research, the following results have been reported. 1) The spatial distribution of strength on the fault surface is heterogeneous, which had not been properly considered by small-scale experiments (Yamashita et al., 2015, Nature). 2) Such spatial heterogeneity of strength on the fault surface could contribute to the fault-size dependence of macroscopic rock friction as well as the rich spectrum of rupture behaviors, which are quite important for the modeling of earthquake generation process (Xu et al., 2023, Nat. Geosci.). Especially, due to high-speed loading (~1 mm/s) and long-distance sliding (~40 cm), ten-decimeter-scale heterogeneity on the fault surface could be generated, which is found to play an important role in large-scale friction experiments (Yamashita et al., 2018, Tectonophys.). In addition to these spatially heterogeneous fault friction experiments, rupture propagation has been investigated in detail to investigate the fracture energy (Okubo et al., 2026, EGU; Matsumoto et al., 2026, EGU). In the near future, we expect that such large-scale rock friction experiments would contribute significantly to seismology, especially, physics of earthquake generation process, by establishing new constitutive law(s) of the rock friction through the usage of dense arrays of near-fault observations.

Microfinance made possible through FinTech has become an effective catalyst of financial inclusion to last-mile communities and a plausible route to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). Through digital payment solutions, mobile banking, AI-based credit check, and data analytics, FinTech can minimize the structure, i.e., geographic isolation, the absence of formal credit history, and elevated transaction rates. This digitalization enhances the ability of the microfinance institutions to provide affordable, scalable and inclusive financial services, which contribute to livelihood creation and economic resiliency of locals. Although the world is making strides in financial inclusion, last-mile communities are still overrepresented in the informal financial framework. Microfinance models Traditional models of microfinance are inefficient in their operations, have limited reach, are characterized by high default risk, and rely on manual processes. These limitations limit access to credit, savings, and insurance products on a timely basis and therefore limit entrepreneurial activities and sustainable production of employment. The existing literature tends to separate FinTech innovation and the development of microfinance, with little conceptualization of the two at an SDG-based level of critique. Evidence of the linkage of FinTech-enabling models of microfinance with quantifiable results on poverty alleviation and decent work in underserved areas is lacking. The current paper suggests a hybrid FinTech-microfinance model that builds on mobile apps, digital identities, risk scoring based on artificial intelligence, and real-time tracking to improve its outreach and financial sustainability. It contributes to the fact that technological innovation was aligned with the SDG indicators, showed better outcomes in income stability, growth of micro-enterprises, job creation, and inclusive economic development, thus contributing to SDG 1 and SDG 8.

In a multi-microgrid (MMG) system, flexible loads (FLs) and hydrogen energy storage systems (HESS) are crucial for demand response, significantly improving system reliability. However, communication delays may hinder the timely scheduling of FLs, HESS, and generators, potentially reducing operational efficiency. To address this challenge, a multi-objective distributed economic dispatch (MODED) strategy is proposed, considering both communication delay and FLs. The strategy employs a unified framework that ensures comprehensive optimization by transforming the economic dispatch problem (EDP) of MMG into a multi-agent consensus problem. The MMG model is constructed with multiple microgrids (MGs), each comprising diesel generators (DGs), renewable energy (RE), and FLs. Meanwhile, it improves environmental sustainability that considering both the environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels and inclusion of HESS in economic scheduling improves environmental sustainability. Firstly, the incremental costs of generators (DGs and RE) and benefits of FLs are marginal costs by leveraging multi-agent consensus theory, ensuring optimal power generation and maintaining the supply-demand balance within each MG. Then the maximum allowable communication delay bound is determined by Z-transform and generalized Nyquist. Furthermore, an improved Metropolis method is proposed to solve the weight matrix in the consensus algorithm, facilitating accurate power flow interactions between the MGs and accelerating system convergence. Stability analysis of the proposed method is also conducted. Finally, the effectiveness and economic benefits of the proposed strategy are demonstrated through experiments.

The textile industry uses natural or synthetic fibers, or both, as raw materials. Global climate change affects the production potential of natural fibers by increasing pressure on air, soil, and water resources. Consequently, the production of these fibers, which the sector requires, faces significant sustainability challenges. This literature review comparatively examines the natural fibers commonly used in the textile sector cotton, jute, flax, and wool, based on environmental, economic, and social sustainability criteria. Each fiber's production process was evaluated, along with factors such as water consumption, chemical input requirements, carbon and water footprints, biodegradability, soil health impacts, and production conditions. The findings indicate that the sustainability performance of fibers varies significantly depending on fiber type, production method, and geographical conditions. This review aims to assess the impact of natural fibers on sustainable fashion and circular textile systems and to provide guidance for future research and industrial applications.

Blockchain technology, with its globalized features like a decentralized consensus and tamper-proof immutability, expands the liberty of miners through smart contracts to participate in the Blockchain network. The method of decentralized consensus creation, which involves all relevant alterations in sequence allocation of the informational environment, is a key aspect we will analyze in this survey. Blockchain's redesign of the financial domain protects against the rivalry of several cryptocurrencies from various applications in highly demanding areas. It enhances the efficiency and security of today's high-demanding cryptocurrencies. But perhaps most importantly, blockchain plays a vital role in the financial industry, providing a sense of security and stability by maintaining the market's equilibrium and improving economic outcomes. Anti-trust policy inference embattles several blockchain applications, like the extrication of consensus records from a public perspective.

Recently, Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a major threat worldwide. Due to the frequent use of last-resort antimicrobials, the emergence of carbapenem and tigecycline-resistant strains has become more common in the hospital environment. This has impelled to the inclusion of colistin against MDR bacteria. This study evaluates the resistance pattern to last resort antibiotics such as carbapenems, tigecycline, and colistin, as well as compares the VITEK-2 MIC result of colistin with the broth microdilution method (BMD). Among the total 250 MDR-GNB strains selected from 1789 isolates, resistance to carbapenem, tigecycline, and colistin was reevaluated by the VITEK2 automated system. After excluding intrinsic resistance colistin bacteria, 158 isolates were further tested by the broth microdilution method for colistin and compared statistically with VITEK-2AST results. In this study, resistance to carbapenem was the highest (Imipenem 65.5%, Meropenem 62.7%), followed by Tigecycline 31.1% and Colistin 11.1%. The comparison of BMD with the VITEK-2 AST showed comparable results in terms of resistant and intermediate strains. In this study, Essential Agreement (EA), Categorical Agreement (CA), Very Major Error (VME), and Major Error (ME) were 88.60%, 98.10%, 1.26%, and 0.63% respectively. The CA, VME, and ME were within the accepted range as per CLSI, except for the EA. Here, the Essential disagreement was basically MIC value differences, which were mostly within interpretative ranges. Colistin-resistant strains are on the rise in India. In resource-limited countries and in life-threatening conditions, VITEK-2 may be employed as a viable substitute for colistin AST.