British Pharmacological Society

Konvergensi ekonomi regional merupakan tendensi penurunan ketimpangan pembangunan antarwilayah. Studi ini mengkaji pengaruh digitalisasi ekonomi terhadap pola konvergensi ekonomi regional di Indonesia dalam konteks percepatan digitalisasi pasca pandemi Covid-19. Literatur terdahulu menunjukkan digitalisasi ekonomi dapat mempercepat maupun memperlambat proses konvergensi, bergantung pada karakteristik wilayah. Dengan memanfaatkan data Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (SAKERNAS), studi ini mengukur digitalisasi ekonomi untuk mengisi gap studi perbedaan pengaruh digitalisasi ekonomi terhadap konvergensi ekonomi regional. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi data panel dengan pendekatan β-konvergensi. Untuk menjamin ketangguhan model, dilakukan perbandingan antara pendekatan Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Robust Standard Error, dan Generalized Least Squares (GLS). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa digitalisasi ekonomi berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan, namun belum cukup mendorong pola konvergensi tanpa interaksi dengan faktor tenaga kerja dan modal. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya strategi pengembangan digitalisasi ekonomi yang konstektual dan terintegrasi dengan struktur ekonomi wilayah guna mendorong pembangunan daerah yang inklusif dan berkeadilan.

Recent developments in healthcare and scientific research have shifted the perception of ageing from a period of decline to recognising its potential for sustained functional ability, well-being, and societal contributions. In light of this perspective, a multidisciplinary panel of experts from five European countries conducted a narrative review of the literature. It convened for a one-day consensus meeting to identify key barriers, facilitators, and research priorities related to healthy ageing. Thus, this paper aims to (1) define the concept of positive ageing, (2) discuss barriers and facilitators to healthy ageing, (3) examine the role of healthcare professionals in maintaining and improving intrinsic capacity, and (4) propose a research agenda to address gaps in healthy ageing. The panel identified 70 barriers and 64 facilitators, structured within the WHO's ICOPE framework, related to intrinsic capacity. Twenty-six interventions across five domains-locomotor, sensory, psychological, cognitive capacities, and vitality- were proposed, aimed at both frail and robust individuals, focusing on social integration, psychological well-being, physiological resilience, deficit management, and disorder prevention. The panel also outlined a research agenda emphasising AI-driven ageing support, improved communication strategies, early frailty detection, and the development of locally adapted guidelines and infrastructure for healthy and positive ageing. This framework emphasizes the importance of early-life interventions and advocates for a preventive, holistic, and multidisciplinary approach to aging. In conclusion, the MIPAG's fosters a proactive mindset and early interventions throughout life to prevent the decline and optimise intrinsic capacity.

Sensus Ekonomi (SE) merupakan kegiatan besar yang dilaksanakan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) setiap sepuluh tahun sekali, sesuai amanat Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 1997 tentang Statistik. Data hasil Sensus Ekonomi menjadi landasan penting bagi perencanaan, evaluasi, serta penyusunan kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi nasional. Memasuki pelaksanaan Sensus Ekonomi 2026 (SE2026) yang merupakan sensus ekonomi kelima, diperlukan persiapan matang di berbagai aspek, termasuk peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia yang akan terlibat langsung dalam kegiatan lapangan. Salah satu elemen kunci keberhasilan sensus adalah mitra statistik, yaitu petugas lapangan yang memiliki peran strategis dalam pengumpulan data yang akurat dan berkualitas. Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Pekalongan sebagai wujud dari Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat bersama Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Pekalongan memberikan Pembinaan kepada mitra Statistik dalam rangka persiapan Kegiatan Sensus Ekonomi yang akan dilaksanakan pada tahun 2026. Mitra statistik yang mengikuti pembinaan ini semakin memahami pentingnya kompetensi yang harus dimiliki petugas, mencakup kemampuan memahami konsep, komunikasi yang efektif, serta keterampilan teknis dalam pengisian instrumen sensus dan penggunaan perangkat pendataan. Metode yang digunakan meliputi ceramah, simulasi, dan evaluasi dengan kuesioner. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan 86,63 persen perserta merasa pembinaan berjalan baik hingga sangat baik, dengan peningkatan pemahaman terhadap konsep KBLI dan teknik pengisian CAPI.

Microneedle Array Patches (MAPs) are an emerging dosage form that creates transient micron-sized disruptions in the outermost physical skin barrier, the stratum corneum, to facilitate delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients to the underlying tissue. Numerous MAP products are proposed and there is significant clinical potential in priority areas such as vaccination. However, since their inception scientists have hypothesized about the risk of a clinically significant MAP-induced infection.Safety data from two major Phase 3 clinical trials involving hundreds of participants, who in total received tens of thousands of MAP applications, does not identify any clinically significant infections. However, the incumbent data set is not extensive enough to make definitive generalizable conclusions. A comprehensive assessment of the infection risk is therefore advised for MAP products, and this should be informed by clinical and pre-clinical data, theoretical analysis and informed opinions.In this article, a group of key stakeholders identify some of the key product- and patient-specific factors that may contribute to the risk of infection from a MAP product and provide expert opinions in the context of guidance from regulatory authorities. Considerations that are particularly pertinent to the MAP dosage form include the specifications of the finished product (e.g. microbial specification), it's design features, the setting for administration, the skill of the administrator, the anatomical application site, the target population and the clinical context. These factors, and others discussed in this article, provide a platform for the development of MAP risk assessments and a stimulus for early and open dialogue between developers, regulatory authorities and other key stakeholders, to expedite and promote development of safe and effective MAP products.

Background: Women imbibe many myths, taboos, and practices about food during menstruation. The socioculturalmilieu of Indian society can explain the notions of menstrual restrictions. Aim: To know the traditionaldietary practices and related taboos during menstruation among women of rural households in Sonepat, Haryana.Material and Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 90 households invillage Juan, Haryana selected by systematic random sampling from July 2021 to June 2022. Data regardingtraditional dietary practices and related taboos during menstruation among women at the household level werecollected using an open-ended questionnaire from a woman from each selected household after written informedconsent. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: Mean age (SD) of the study participants was 44.1 (14) years with a range from 18-85 years. Two-thirds(66.7%) of study households reported avoidance of buttermilk/curd and pickles due to the belief of an increase inpain and cramps on consumption. One-third of study households preferred hot beverages such as tea (37.8%) andtea with clarified butter (31.1%) believing that pain and cramps get relieved, and clarified butter provides strengthto the body.Conclusion: There are a number of dietary practices and related taboos prevalent among study households thatmay affect mental health.

(1) Background: Persistent olfactory (POD) and gustatory (PGD) dysfunctions are one of the most frequent symptoms of long-Coronavirus Disease 2019 but their effect on the quality of life (QoL) of patients is still largely unexplored. (2) Methods: An online survey was administered to individuals who reported to have had SARS-CoV-2 infection at least 6 months prior with persisting COVID-19 symptoms (using the COVID symptom index), including ratings of POD and PGD, and their physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) components of quality of life were assessed using the standardized short form 12 questionnaire (SF-12). (3) Results: Responses from 431 unique individuals were included in the analyses. The most frequent persistent symptoms were: fatigue (185 cases, 42.9%), olfactory dysfunction (127 cases, 29.5%), gustatory dysfunction (96 cases, 22.3%) and muscle pain (83 cases, 19.3%). Respondents who reported persisting muscle pain, joint pain, fatigue, headache, gastrointestinal disturbances, and dyspnea had significantly worse PCS. Those experiencing persistent fatigue and dyspnea also showed significantly lower MCS. Respondents reporting POD or PGD showed significantly worse QoL, but only pertaining to the MCS. Multiple regressions predicted MCS based on olfactory and marginally on gustatory ratings, but not PCS. Age significantly affected the prediction of PCS but not MCS, and gender and temporal distance from the COVID-19 diagnosis had no effect. (4) Conclusions: POD and PGD are frequent symptoms of the long-COVID-19 syndrome and significantly reduce QoL, specifically in the mental health component. This evidence should stimulate the establishment of appropriate infrastructure to support individuals with persistent CD, while research on effective therapies scales up.

Catastrophic health expenditure is one of the challenges Indonesia faces in achieving Universal Health Coverage. Aside from being a financial disaster, the incident caused by out-of-pocket health expenditure exceeding a fixed limit can drive people into poverty. Unfortunately, the availability of the data causes the limitation of the study in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the association between catastrophic health expenditure and several social-economic factors by using the latest data of out-of-pocket expenditure collected at the individual level from the 2019 Susenas Module of Health and Housing. Using the Chi-square test, this study confirms a significant association between catastrophic health expenditures and the following social-economic factors: outpatient and inpatient service use, health insurance ownership, age, sex, marital status, educational level, work status, welfare status, type of area, and geographic location. From the logistic regression, the probability of the population to experience catastrophic health expenditure is higher for people in the following categories: use inpatient or outpatient services, do not have health insurance, are elderly, ever-married, not working, not poor, and live in the rural areas or Java island. Disaggregation by outpatient and inpatient service use shows the large gap in the probability of falling into catastrophic health expenditures. The probability for people who used inpatient service is more than four times people who never used the service. Meanwhile, for outpatient service, the probability is almost three times. Therefore, people can strengthen preventive care, especially those with low or no cost, to avoid falling into catastrophic health expenditure.

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of early administration of oral corticosteroids (OC) or nasal corticosteroids (NC) as an add-on to olfactory training (OT) versus OT alone in patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD) related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Patients with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 and OD were prospectively recruited from March 22 to December 15, 2020 from 4 European hospitals. Patients had confirmed OD on psychophysical testing. All patients undertook OT, with add-on 10 days of OC (group 1: OC + OT), or 1 month of NC (group 2: NC + OT) or olfactory training alone (group 3: OT). Olfactory evaluations (Sniffin’Sticks tests) were carried out at the time of inclusion, 1 and 2 months after the start of the therapeutic course. Results: A total of 152 hyposmic or anosmic patients completed the study. Group 1, 2 and 3 included 59, 22 and 71 patients, respectively and all patient groups were comparable regarding baseline Sniffin’Sticks tests. The median Sniffin’Sticks test values significantly improved from pre- to post-intervention in all groups. The increase of Sniffin’Sticks test values was higher in group 1 (OC + OT) compared with groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001) at one month after treatment but did not remain so at 2 months. Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, presented parosmia in 20/71 (28.2%), 9/22 (40.9%) and 42/71 (59.2%) patients. This difference was statistically significant between group 1 and 3 (p < 0.001). There were no patients with a worsening of the disease or an increase of the severity of the COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusions: The use of OCs in patients with OD related to mild COVID-19 is generally well-tolerated without any case of deterioration of symptoms. OC is associated with greater improvement in psychophysical olfactory evaluations at 1-month post-treatment but there was no difference at 2 months. Parosmia may be reduced following treatment with OC and NC. On the basis of these preliminary results, it is possible to state that considering the 2 months efficacy of OC and NC with respect to the OT alone and the risk-benefit ratio, the benefit to start a specific treatment of COVID-19 related OD cannot be demonstrated and there is a need for a randomised controlled trial to assess this further.

Ketimpangan merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama yang mungkin belum dapat tuntas diatasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis ketimpangan kesempatan dalam mengakses layanan teknologi dan informasi di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari SUSENAS Kor tahun 2019 dari BPS. Analisis ini menggunakan metode Human Opportunity Index (HOI) yang dikembangkan oleh Bank Dunia. HOI menghitung peranan dari masing-masing keadaan sosial ekonomi dan demografi individu terhadap ketimpangan kesempatan dalam mengakses layanan teknologi dan informasi. Selain itu, model logit digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor sosial ekonomi dan demografi terhadap akses memperoleh layanan teknologi dan informasi. Hasil analisis empiris menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan kesempatan akses terhadap layanan teknologi dan informasi di Kawasan Indonesia Timur dan Kawasan Indonesia Barat masih cukup lebar. Selain itu, kondisi pengeluaran per kapita dan daerah tempat tinggal menjadi faktor yang dominan berpengaruh terhadap ketimpangan ketimpangan kesempatan akses terhadap layanan teknologi dan informasi. Ini menunjukkan bahwa kemiskinan rumah tangga dan daerah tempat tinggal mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam menentukan akses yang setara dalam akses terhadap teknologi dan informasi.

The aim of this research is to analyze leading economic sector in south sulawesi province. The method used in this research is Location Quotient Analysis (LQ) and Shift Share Analysis. The research held on july 2020 by using GDRP data of South Sulawesi 2015-2019 period and indonesian GDP data 2015-2019. The result of this research show that in south sulawesi province there 9 economic caterogies which have basic sector namely agriculture, forestry, and fishery: water supply, waste management, waste and recycling; construction, wholesale and retail: car and motorcycle repairment; information and communication: Real Estate; Government administration, defence and sosial security compulsory: Educational Service: Health service and social activity. The result of Shift Share show that the slowest sector in South Sulawesi province is mining and quarrying sector. Whereas, the other 16 sectors are developing sectors.