Broome-Tioga Board of Cooperative Educational Services

The purpose of this manuscript is to share the work of a collaboration between professional development providers and university faculty as they created, implemented and refined a professional development series focused on supporting primary teachers' use of data‐based decision making in reading. Using a formative and design‐based approach, multiple sources of informal, formative data were collected (surveys, memos and teacher feedback). Data analysis led the team to make refinements to the professional development in response to three broad challenges experienced during Year 1 of implementation. Key refinements made to the professional development series included (1) breaking down the data‐based decision making (DBDM) process in reading into more tangible, explicit components (e.g., identifying appropriate assessments, organising and analysing data, using data to target instruction); (2) creating materials tailored specifically to support teachers' knowledge and skills in the DBDM process; and (3) identifying external affordances or barriers to teacher implementation of DBDM (e.g., access to high quality reading assessments and/or intervention materials, communication cycles with other teachers/providers). Challenges experienced and refinements made in this study may provide a framework for thinking about how to support primary teachers to use DBDM in reading and may help administrators understand and reflect on systems‐wide factors that may play a role in supporting or hindering teacher enactment of and confidence related to DBDM.

Physical education teachers are expected to implement the English language arts (ELA) Common Core State Standards (CCSS) in their instruction. This has proved to be challenging for many physical educators. The purpose of this article is to provide developmentally appropriate examples of how to incorporate the ELA CCSS into physical education, while at the same time aligning the CCSS with the new national physical education content standards and grade-level outcomes.

The history of the evangelical attitudes to therapy is complex. Several of the historical roots to a general suspicion of psychological perceptive are explored. Freudian psychoanalysis and fundamentalism were not compatible and for decades no attempt at rapprochement developed. The liberal wing of Christianity made early attempts with the religion/psychiatry dialogue of the 1960s. Drastic changes in the youth of the evangelical, especially on the college campus in the 1960s, broke through some of the resistance. A growing disillusionment on the part of the evangelical in the pew concerning the efficacy of the traditional spiritual approach to relational and emotional problems accompanied these changes. The literalism and rigidity of a paranoid stance toward psychological insights has given way to a kind of chaos. The evangelical person seeks outside the church too. There is no consensus theoretically or practically among the many from within the church who are therapists. There are many strengths in the evangelical. These include family and developmental emphases in psychotherapy. The effective therapist will comfortably explore the religious life of the evangelical as it is relevant to the therapeutic task. Acceptance and elimination of countertransferential bias will foster the honesty and mutual respect that are essential for positive outcomes in therapy.

Communication challenges after TBI are often associated with weak self-regulation of behavior. This article presents an intervention framework within which speech-language pathologists and behavioral psychologists occupy a similar scope of practice in relation to challenging behaviors that are a component of the individual's communication system. We argue for an approach that not only sees challenging behaviors from a communication perspective but addresses these problems in a way that is positive, integrated, functional, collaborative, and environmental. The framework is illustrated by case examples of the authors' collaborative intervention approaches.

Should a board of education have a policy that restricts the number of part- time hours a full-time student can work? Is there a relationship between the number of hours a student works and his or her academic performance? Those are the questions this writer considers.

This article describes a program model for meeting the needs of a widely diverse range of clients using nonaversive strategies to deal with their severe behavior problems in community environments. Data from 2 years of implementation and follow-up designed to evaluate the program are also presented which support the effectiveness of the model. Additional data collected from parents and an independent review committee provide additional support for the social validity of the program's goals and methods.