Broughton Hospital

Abstract Nature-based solutions (NBS) are becoming increasingly popular for mitigating flood risk while providing multiple benefits such as enhanced biodiversity, and improved water quality. Hydraulic modelling is an essential tool for evaluating and optimising the flood risk regulating service of NBS. Yet, there is no standardised approach to represent NBS interventions in hydraulic models, leading to inconsistent implementations. This study reports a systematic review of 1,080 publications from Scopus and Web of Science. A final selection of 30 key-studies is identified utilising HEC-RAS to model NBS interventions. By collating and synthesising the various approaches documented in these studies, a consolidated resource for researchers and practitioners is provided. This synthesis offers practical recommendations for the application of different NBS interventions in hydraulic modelling and outlines the corresponding parameter ranges to consider. A critical assessment is undertaken on how these interventions map to specific parameters in the governing hydraulic equations, elucidating the physical mechanisms of flow attenuation and water storage that are broadly applicable to all hydraulic models. To demonstrate the real-world utility of these recommendations, a case study of the River Chew catchment (England) is presented, detailing pre- and post-intervention configurations wherein multiple candidate areas are converted to wetland and woodland using a HEC-RAS 2D model; this section is available in the Supplementary Material. Graphical Abstract

As the reliance on digital networks grows, the need for robust security measures becomes paramount. It offers a thorough analysis of creating and assessing a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) incorporating various machine learning algorithms. The selected algorithms consist of K Nearest Neighbour, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, and Logistic Regression. Moreover, widely recognised ensemble learning models like CatBoost, AdaBoost, Gradient Boost, Random Forest, and Extreme Gradient Boost. The core objective is to improve the efficiency of intrusion detection by evaluating various machine-learning models. Utilizes feature selection techniques based on chi-square to enhance the relevance and effectiveness of the selected features. The evaluation metrics, particularly Matthews’ Correlation Coefficient (MCC) and ROC Curves, are used in assessing the models’ efficacy. They offer valuable insights into the models’ capability to differentiate between normal and malicious network activities. This study aims to advance cybersecurity by comparing classical machine learning and ensemble models for network intrusion detection. Significantly, our results underscore XGBoost’s effectiveness with 0.996 accuracy and 0.993 MCC, in enhancing digital network security.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) can have profound and potentially life-threatening consequences on horses' health and performance capability. While CHDs are rare in the general horse population, the Arabian breed is disproportionately overrepresented and thus is widely suspected to be genetically predisposed. This review discusses the most common CHDs in Arabian horses, including ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), patent duct arteriosus (PDA), tricuspid valve atresia (TVA) and atrial septal defect (ASD). This review also explores how future research into the genetic factors that likely underpin many CHDs can revolutionise the way these disorders are managed in Arabian horses.

Pressure ulcers develop when the skin and underlying tissues are subjected to pressure, friction and/or shear, and, in many cases, moisture. These factors lead to impaired blood supply and injury to the skin and underlying tissues. Patients being cared for in intensive care units are particularly at risk of pressure ulcers because they often lack the ability to change position independently. Also, their consciousness and sensory perception are impaired due to sedation and anaesthesia, diminished circulation and malnutrition. This article examines pressure ulcer prevention in this vulnerable group of patients and outlines the five-step SSKIN (surface, skin inspection, kinetics/keep moving, incontinence/moisture, nutrition/hydration) pressure ulcer prevention care bundle.

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Abstract The origin and distribution of mudstone clast breccia bed deposits of the middle McMurray Formation responded to a range of current flow conditions associated with downchannel migrations by kilometers-long point bars, which accumulated as reservoirs of the Cretaceous Athabasca oil sands in northern Alberta. Fabrics consisting of dispersed clast entrainments within centimeters- to decimeters-thick stratified sand beds accumulated as grain flows and small-scale debris flows that filled shallow, flat-bottomed troughs during bed erosion on the point bar. Most low-density clast dispersals were sourced by eroded mudstone beds exposed along the bar bed surfaces. Clast-laden debris flows, 1–2 m thick, filled deeper troughs on the point bar, often as overlying flow-surge deposits, resulting in internal erosional surfaces within the breccia bed. Elsewhere, voluminous debris flows were sourced by undercut older channel walls that eroded mud-dominated counter point bar beds or exhumed lower McMurray floodplai...

Introduction: Discovery of endogenous cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) prompted intense research efforts in multiple experimental animal models and clinical trials for heart failure treatment. Our lab identified a fundamental difference in ploidy content between rodent (rat, mouse) CPCs possessing mononuclear tetraploid (4n) chromosome content versus large mammal (human, swine) CPCs with mononuclear diploid (2n) content. Ploidy differences raise provocative questions regarding translational applicability of myocardial regeneration in rodents as polyplodization often correlates with enhanced regenerative potential. Hypothesis: Mononuclear chromatin duplication in CPCs improves regenerative capacity of the heart through higher stress resistance and overriding senescence cell-cycle arrest. Methods and Results: Ploidy of cultured CPCs is consistent and stable ploidy content over increased passages with samples from eight humans, two swine strains, six mouse strains, and seven rat clonal lines as determined by karyotype, confocal microscope and flow cytometry analyses. In situ ploidy analysis of CPCs reveals diploid content in human tissue and a mixture of mononuclear diploid and tetraploid nuclei in mouse, confirmed using freshly isolated Lin- c-kit+ CPCs. Tetraploid nuclear phenotype of murine CPCs is markedly different from predominantly diploid (2n) murine c-kit+ cells located in other tissues such as intestine and bone marrow. Higher ploidy content concurrent with expansion of the CPC pool are evident in the border zone at seven days post-infarction in adult FVB mice compared to age and gender matched non-injured hearts. Conclusion: Tetraploid c-kit+ cells found within the rodent heart may contribute to species-specific characteristics of stem cells and myocardial regenerative capacity. Future studies will focus upon the biological properties of diploid versus tetraploid CPCs and advantages of polyploid content for mediating myocardial regeneration.

The International Species Information System has set forth an extensive database of reference intervals for zoologic species, allowing veterinarians and game park officials to distinguish normal health parameters from underlying disease processes in captive wildlife. However, several recent studies comparing reference values from captive and free-ranging animals have found significant variation between populations, necessitating the development of separate reference intervals in free-ranging wildlife to aid in the interpretation of health data. Thus, this study characterizes reference intervals for six biochemical analytes, eleven hematologic or immune parameters, and three hormones using samples from 219 free-ranging African lions ( Panthera leo ) captured in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Using the original sample population, exclusion criteria based on physical examination were applied to yield a final reference population of 52 clinically normal lions. Reference intervals were then generated via 90% confidence intervals on log-transformed data using parametric bootstrapping techniques. In addition to the generation of reference intervals, linear mixed-effect models and generalized linear mixed-effect models were used to model associations of each focal parameter with the following independent variables: age, sex, and body condition score. Age and sex were statistically significant drivers for changes in hepatic enzymes, renal values, hematologic parameters, and leptin, a hormone related to body fat stores. Body condition was positively correlated with changes in monocyte counts. Given the large variation in reference values taken from captive versus free-ranging lions, it is our hope that this study will serve as a baseline for future clinical evaluations and biomedical research targeting free-ranging African lions.

This piece* has been put together by drawing from Red Light Despatch (RLD), a monthly newsletter brought out by Indian anti-sex trafficking organization Apne Aap Women Worldwide. RLD is for the women of the red-light area by the women of the red-light area. Women, girls and men trapped in prostitution from the red-light areas of Bihar, Delhi, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and West Bengal write the Despatch. They write for each other and share information, dreams, struggles and hopes in solidarity from different corners of India. They try to address the gaps in mainstream media that often do not cover information that is relevant to the poor and the marginalized. RLD also serves as a mouthpiece for prostituted women and survivors to end sex trafficking. The narratives in RLD reveal that prostitution is a form of violence against women and the only way to end it is by internalizing the Gandhian principles of ahimsa (non-violence) and antyodaya (uplift of the last). The narratives speak of how the prostituted child and woman is always originally trafficked and that she is the victim of structural violence as a female, as a person from the countryside, as a person from a scheduled caste/scheduled tribe or other backward classes and of unequal and lopsided development; and how difficult it is to exit prostitution.

This article aims to improve our understanding of post-politicization by examining the role of ‘ordinary’ urban protest movements, using the example of a protest in Alexandra Park, an inner city park in Manchester, UK. The critical literature on postpolitics has improved our understanding of exceptional, large-scale protests, but we know much less about how smaller scale protests emerge and in time wind down. Our research is revealing of the post-politicizing tactics of the city authorities in containing protest and of how the protesters lost momentum, focusing on contesting techno-managerial processes for consultation and undertaking scientific surveys. Whilst universalizing claims were made about democratic enfranchisement, the authorities were able to counter and diffuse these.