Brunei Polytechnic

Water-Alternate-Gas (WAG) injection is generally a conventional technique to improve pressure maintenance, yet it still poses challenges in managing fracture propagation and preventing out-of-zone injection. This paper introduces and validates a novel workflow that applies wellbore storage (WBS) analysis using pressure fall-off data for real time fracture mode identification in WAG injectors. The method integrates optional fluid property validation, pressure head correction and storage constant computation to distinguish between matrix and fracture injected regimes. A traffic-light guideline system was developed to complement the real time analysis, helping engineers to predict and adjust injection practices proactively. Application in a PETRONAS offshore Sarawak field demonstrated that gas injection cycles were predominantly matrix-injection-mode, as the high compressibility of gas enables injection without fracturing whereas for water injection cycles consistently resulted fracture-injection-mode with fracture radii between 5 and 10 meters. The results aligned with surveillance data, conventional pressure transient analysis (PTA), correlated regional stress gradient, confirming workflow robustness. This practical, data-driven approach is readily deployable within digital twin frameworks, supporting containment assurance and sustainable reservoir management.

The acceleration of climate change is greatly influenced by carbon emissions from industrial processes, particularly those that come into direct touch with natural resources. One industry that interacts directly with natural resources is the palm oil sector. From clearing land to managing oil palm plantations, manufacturing palm oil FFB, and distributing palm oil goods, all of this industrial business activity generates carbon emissions that have the potential to harm the environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the low level of transparency and reporting of carbon activities. A number of variables, such as profitability, firm size, environmental performance, managerial ownership, and corporate worth, are used in this study to analyse carbon emission disclosure. This research is a type of quantitative research using secondary data, namely 25 samples of the palm oil industry in Indonesia for the period 2021–2023. The research results show that profitability and managerial ownership company size have insignificant results on Carbon Emission Disclosure, while environmental performance has a significant effect on Carbon Emission Disclosure. The Carbon Emission Disclosure hypothesis on company value also shows significant results where the more a business entity discloses and reports its carbon activities, the more investor confidence it has which can be seen in the high share value.

Kemajuan pesat dalam teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI) telah mengubah banyak aspek kehidupan modern, termasuk dalam bidang pendidikan. AI, yang merujuk pada kemampuan sistem komputer untuk melakukan tugas-tugas yang memerlukan kecerdasan manusia, menawarkan potensi besar untuk meningkatkan pengalaman belajar dan mempersiapkan siswa untuk masa depan yang lebih digital. Meskipun AI semakin sering digunakan dalam pendidikan, penerapannya masih belum merata di semua institusi pendidikan. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, pelatihan AI di SMK TI Pratama PGRI Samarinda dirancang untuk memperkenalkan dan mengimplementasikan teknologi AI dalam pembelajaran. Pelatihan ini menggunakan alat-alat AI seperti ChatGPT, Canva AI Art Generator, dan Gemini, dengan fokus pada peningkatan kreativitas siswa dalam desain grafis, pembuatan video, dan proyek multimedia. Melalui pendekatan yang mencakup teori, praktik, dan evaluasi, pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk memastikan pemahaman yang mendalam dan penerapan yang efektif dari AI. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan ini berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman, keterampilan, dan kreativitas siswa, serta mempersiapkan mereka untuk menghadapi tantangan dan peluang dalam dunia kerja yang semakin berbasis teknologi.

Writing in English is a difficult task for a second language learner. The process of writing, from planning to drafting and editing, may take a lengthy time to complete. However, when learners focus on the writing process and explore strategies to work through their writing, they are expected to understand themselves better. Thus, this study aims to investigate the influence of writing difficulties on writers and the processes of writing, as well as the relationship between writing difficulties and the writing process. This quantitative research design involved a purposive sample of 267 participants from local tertiary institutions. The results indicate that the respondents did not encounter significant writing difficulties in general. They understand the writing process and take action at each stage. Future studies may need to investigate and address other elements that may be influencing writing difficulties.

Madu Heterotrigona itama dikenal sebagai alternatif dalam pengobatan yang sering dijumpai dengan langsung dikonsumsi. Kemampuan madu dalam menghambat aktivitas bakteri karena mengandung senyawa antiseptik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi madu lebah tanpa sengat (kelulut) Heterotrigona itama yang diternakkan pada areal tumbuhan kaliandra dalam menghambat aktivitas bakteri Escherichia coli selama 6 bulan pengamatan (Oktober 2022 – Maret 2023). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode difusi agar untuk menguji sifat antibakteri madu. Prosedur ini meliputi penuangan media nutrient agar ke cawan petri dan dibiarkan mengering. Kemudian, dibuat lubang pada media dan ditambahkan suspensi bakteri. Dilakukan pengujian pada sampel secara intensif selama enam bulan. Kloramfenikol digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan aquades sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa madu lebah tanpa sengat Heterotrigona itama efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli. Sifat antibakteri madu dipengaruhi oleh efek senyawa bioaktif yang dominan.

Background:Prostate cancer (PC) has a serious public health impact, and its incidence is rising due to the aging population. There is limited evidence and consensus to guide the management of PC in Southeast Asia (SEA). We present real-world data on clinical practice patterns in SEA for advanced PC care.Method:A paper-based survey was used to identify clinical practice patterns and obtain consensus among the panelists. The survey included the demographics of the panelists, the use of clinical guidelines, and clinical practice patterns in the management of advanced PC in SEA.Results:Most panelists (81%) voted prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as the most effective test for early PC diagnosis and risk stratification. Nearly 44% of panelists agreed that prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging for PC diagnostic and staging information aids local and systemic therapy decisions. The majority of the panel preferred abiraterone acetate (67%) or docetaxel (44%) as first-line therapy for symptomatic mCRPC patients. Abiraterone acetate (50%) is preferred over docetaxel as a first-line treatment in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer patients with high-volume disease. However, the panel did not support the use of abiraterone acetate in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) patients. Apalutamide (75%) is the preferred treatment option for patients with nmCRPC. The cost and availability of modern treatments and technologies are important factors influencing therapeutic decisions. All panelists supported the use of generic versions of approved therapies.Conclusion:The survey results reflect real-world management of advanced PC in a SEA country. These findings could be used to guide local clinical practices and highlight the financial challenges of modern healthcare.

Crystal palm sugar (CPS) is crystal brown sugar produced from palm tree sap. The quality of CPS depends on the quality/freshness of the sap, while the sap quality depends on the tapping method and its freshness. This study aimed to determine the appropriate sap tapping time of Arenga palm (Arenga pinnata) for raw material in CPS processing. The sap tapping time was carried out at 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours, each with four replications. Sap tapping was done by adding five grams of sodium bicarbonate into the sap container. Parameters observed were sap pH, yield, chemical properties (moisture content, ash content, and reducing sugar content), and sensory properties (color, aroma, texture, and taste) of the CPS. The data were processed by ANOVA and polynomial regression. The results showed that sap tapping time significantly affected (p<0.05) the sap pH and reducing-sugar content of CPS, but not (p>0.05) the yield, water content, ash content, and sensory response of CPS. However, using quadratic polynomial regression shows that CPS yield is optimum by processing the palm sap at about seven hours of tapping time, i.e., 14.56% and 12.47% for coarse and fine CPS, respectively. The sap pH obtained from the seven hours of tapping time was 6.8-7.1. The CPS has a reducing sugar content of 26.94% and overall hedonic characteristics of moderately like. The hedonic quality characteristics of the CPS are typical palm sugar for aroma, slightly brown for color, slightly hard for texture, and sweet for taste.

In this era of globalization, environmental problems have become global issues. Society are aware of the dangers posed by environmental damage. One of the causes of environmental damage is environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of waste produced by humans. Loa Janan Ulu is a village under Loa Janan District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Loa Janan Ulu is the village with the highest density in Loa Janan District, namely 1,007.90 population/km2. There are 3,401 households in the village area ladder. Housewives are also part of society produce waste or rubbish every day. Every day kitchen activities are included contributes quite a significant amount of waste. Kitchen waste that has been around all this time just thrown straight into landfill or burned straight away. Manage of kitchen waste needs to be dealt with so that it can be utilized as an ingredient for organic fertilizer. Composting is one of the efforts to process waste in order to recycle it organic waste with the concept of decomposing organic materials through processes weathering, besides being non-damaging and environmentally friendly. The simple way to make compost is the takakura basket method with help Local Organism Molecules (MOL). The solutions offered are: 1. Giving information about processing kitchen waste using the zero waste concept; 2. Giving information on the benefits of using organic fertilizer for partners and the environment with socialization; 3. Providing training on processing organic waste using methods Takakura makes simple use of surrounding resources. this activity planned for 4 months and carried out in Loa Janan Ulu Village, District Loa Janan, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The result of the dedication of Loa Village Women Janan Ulu felt benefits such as increasing knowledge and insight handling organic household waste so that it becomes added value for plants in the yard includes vegetable plants that are consumed every day as well as ornamental plants. The follow-up to this activity requires training grow crops in the yard properly to utilize the land area available yard.

Non-human great apes – chimpanzees, gorillas, bonobos, and orangutans – are threatened by agricultural expansion, particularly from rice, cacao, cassava, maize, and oil palm cultivation. Agriculture replaces and fragments great ape habitats, bringing them closer to humans and often resulting in conflict. Though the impact of agriculture on great apes is well-recognized, there is still a need for a more nuanced understanding of specific contexts and associated negative impacts on habitats and populations. Here we review these contexts and their implications for great apes. We estimate that within their African and South-East Asian ranges, there are about 100 people for each great ape. Given that most apes live outside strictly protected areas and the growing human population and increasing demand for resources in these landscapes, it will be challenging to balance the needs of both humans and great apes. Further habitat loss is expected, particularly in Africa, where compromises must be sought to re-direct agricultural expansion driven by subsistence farmers with small fields (generally <0.64 ha) away from remaining great ape habitats. To promote coexistence between humans and great apes, new approaches and financial models need to be implemented at local scales. Overall, optimized land use planning and effective implementation, along with strategic investments in agriculture and wildlife conservation, can improve the synergies between conservation and food production. Effective governance and conservation financing are crucial for optimal outcomes in both conservation and food security. Enforcing forest conservation laws, engaging in trade policy discussions, and integrating policies on trade, food security, improved agricultural techniques, and sustainable food systems are vital to prevent further decline in great ape populations. Saving great apes requires a thorough consideration of specific agricultural contexts.

Introduction: The present study investigated the parent’s knowledge, attitude, practice, and experience of the screen time spent by their children at home aged below 5 years old, identifying the common screen-based devices used, content type, and level of screen time spent by the children. Method: A cross-sectional survey of parents having children aged 0 to 4 years old attending the Maternal and Child Health Care Clinics in four districts in Brunei Darussalam was conducted. A questionnaire was developed through the Qualtrics platform. Data were analyzed using R Studio Desktop version 1.2.1335. The statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test. Results: Parents’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of screen time spent by their children are generally positive; parents who correctly answered the knowledge section overall average of 30.1% (n=34). Children studied (<2 years old and 3 to 4 years old) were found to spend more time watching television. A statistically significant association was observed between children of both age groups with time spent on tablet device (p=0.037) and (p=<0.001). Also, a significant association between parents’ knowledge, attitude and practice with gender of the parents, household income and total number of children was reported. Conclusions: We conclude that the children in our study exceeded the recommended guidelines on screen time behavior and the parents’ health knowledge with regard to screen time was poor which emphasized the need for improvement and further study. Keywords: screen time, children, parent’s knowledge, parent’s attitude, parent’s practices