Bryan College of Health Sciences

Decades of Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments show that projected atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) increases significantly influence crop systems, impacting food security. Firstly, elevated CO2 (eCO2) benefits global C3 crop yields, despite substantial genetic variation. Lower-than-expected rice yield increases highlight the potential to augment the CO2 fertilization effect (CFE) by enhancing nitrogen (N) uptake to facilitate carbon (C) assimilation. Secondly, CFE consistently correlates with declining nutritional quality. Concomitant CO2 and temperature increases synergistically elevate toxic arsenic (As) in rice grain, projecting substantial cancer case increases in major rice-consuming countries. This assessment underscores the urgency for strategies mitigating nutrient decline and As exposure from near-term climate change. Thirdly, current estimates suggest long-term eCO2 minimally impacts soil N availability. However, risks include decreasing soil phosphate (P) availability and intensifying greenhouse gas emissions (methane [CH4], nitrous oxide [N2O]), challenging food security sustainability. Fourthly, global food security inequity will likely worsen. Poorer regions, often heavily reliant on few cereal crops and affected by climate variability and uneven resource distribution, are more vulnerable to eCO2. Thus, implementing diverse, region-specific adaptation strategies-encompassing agronomic management, crop breeding, and policymaking-is crucial for establishing climate-resilient agricultural ecosystems.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an emerging comorbidity among people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), potentially impacting treatment outcomes, including virologic failure. Identifying key determinants of DM in this population is crucial for improving patient care. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 01 to May 30, 2024 at Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. A total of 253 HIV patients on ART for at least six months were randomly selected. Data were collected via structured questionnaires, clinical measurements, and medical record reviews. DM was diagnosed on the basis of a fasting blood glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dl or random plasma glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dl. Logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with DM, reporting adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The prevalence of DM among the study participants was 9.9%. Compared with female patients, male patients had a significantly greater risk of developing DM (AOR = 4.29, 95% CI = 1.079–17.04). A family history of DM was associated with a nearly 11-fold increased risk (AOR = 10.65, 95% CI = 2.82–40.20). Overweight individuals (BMI > 25 kg/m²) had a nearly sixfold-fold greater risk of DM (AOR = 5.95, 95% CI = 1.56–22.65). Additionally, ART interruption and restarting of ART were significantly associated with increased DM risk (AOR = 6.11, 95% CI = 1.88–19.84). Approximately one in ten HIV patients on ART had DM. The significant factors included male sex, family history of DM, overweight status, and ART interruption. These findings highlight the need for routine metabolic screening, targeted interventions and continuous monitoring to mitigate DM risk and optimize HIV care.

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Objective: Interprofessional collaboration is crucial in providing high-quality care for patients. Professional organizations and accrediting agencies recognize the importance of interprofessional education (IPE) and have required that it be incorporated into curricula. The purpose of the study was to assess faculty, from various disciplines, attitudes, knowledge, and barriers associated with IPE. Materials and Methods: A descriptive correlational research design was used to assess attitudes, knowledge, and barriers associated with IPE among faculty at a Midwestern college of health sciences. Results: Findings indicated that faculty lacking IPE knowledge, barriers of time, motivation, and scheduling were factors that influenced IPE. Overall, faculty indicated that they were enthusiastic about participating and willing to learn. Those who attended an intervention, which consisted of an educational presentation and activity, provided statistically significant perceptions about IPE. Conclusion: These results indicate that faculty attitudes, knowledge, and barriers influenced incorporation of IPE into curricula. Key Takeaways Interprofessional education (IPE) is essential to ensure faculty have the knowledge and tools to successfully implement activities in the classroom and clinical setting. Factors that influence IPE implementation include time, scheduling, knowledge, and motivation. These factors must be addressed for successful incorporation of IPE to occur. Begin IPE incorporation with faculty champions who are more enthusiastic and willing to learn about IPE.

Nursing students have obligations and behaviors that impact sleep. The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep among prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students and describe factors that impact their sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. Prelicensure nursing students (n = 254) completed questionnaires that included demographics; obligations and behaviors that always, sometimes, or never caused sleep loss on a daily or weekly basis; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; the Epworth Sleepiness Scale; and the Sleep Hygiene Index. College classes were the most frequent reason why participants always lost sleep. Obligations of work, classes, and technology use into the night significantly predicted sleep hygiene; obligations of work, family, activity with friends, and classes significantly predicted sleep quality. There is a need for education about behaviors and obligations that impact sleep in undergraduate nursing students, along with resources to assist in coping with external stressors.

Formal training for educators who use simulation-based education (SBE) is required by standards of best practice, simulation guidelines, regulatory, and accrediting bodies. Training efforts to establish educator competency for SBE are being offered. However, a systematic review of this body of literature has yet to be conducted. The purpose of this integrative review was to appraise formal training efforts of educators who use SBE. The aims were to summarize the training topics, describe the structure of training programs, and explore evaluation methods of educators. The New World Kirkpatrick Model guided the review. A PRISMA search approach yielded 2007 citations of which 38 met inclusion criteria. Analysis supports a formalized training process that uses a combination of didactic material, time for repetitive practice, and ongoing feedback with longitudinal and scaffolded delivery approaches. An identified gap in the literature is threshold levels for determining competency of educators. Recommendations for planning simulation training programs are provided.

According to monitoring data of Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu Provinces, in this paper the transmission of schistosomiasis is studied based on Barbour's mathematical model. The values of the basic reproduction number and key parameters are obtained with two methods. The first method is to calculate directly by using parameter values in references. The second one is to estimate parameter values by the methods of noise measurement and data smoothing and then to obtain new values of basic reproduction number. Comparing these two methods, we found the second method is good to fit the data. This parameter values can be used as reference values in other provinces. Finally, some numerical simulations are carried out to discuss the development trend of prevalence of humans and snails in each province. It is found that schistosomiasis in four provinces is expected to be eliminated with the improvement or maintenance of the standards of prevention and control. Furthermore, the time needed is different in the different four provinces.