Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences

Big chatbots like ChatGPT and Gemini are very good at talking, but they often forget what you said before[1]. If you have a long chat or come back another day, it feels like the AI has no memory. This can be frustrating when you want the AI to remember what you already told it. In this paper, we share a new idea called smart indexing[2]. Think of it like giving the AI a notebook with an index, so both you and the AI can quickly find important things from past talks. Our system does three special things. First, it gives you a side index view, like the table of contents in a book. This makes it easy to jump back to a topic you talked about earlier. Second, it uses topic detection, so when the subject changes, the AI can group parts of the chat into chapters and subtopics. This keeps the conversation neat and organized. Third, it can remember across different days with multi-session memory, so your chats do not disappear after each session. Together, these features make AI feel more helpful and human. It does not just talk, it remembers, organizes, and grows with you over time. This can be useful in school, hospitals, offices, and even research projects.

Fake accounts and bots flood social media with spam, rumors, and harmful content, so we tested machine learning to spot them using three paths. Classic models such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, and XGBoost check numeric clues like post rate or follower growth. Deep nets like LSTM read timelines in sequence and catch style shifts. Blended teams let many models vote when one feels unsure. Our recipe is clear: collect raw account data, turn each action into clean features, train on labeled bots and humans, then judge performance with accuracy, recall, and area under the curve. In live trials classic models already score above ninety percent while deep nets climb higher when fed large data sets. Tools like Botometer and Bot Sentinel confirm the method by rating real accounts in seconds. We keep jargon light so any reader can follow the flow yet still include the technical steps for those who want detail. This work shows that smart models, clear features, and honest testing pull the mask off social bots and protect online conversation.

People spend most of their day in Microsoft Office, Google Workspace, and similar tools. Chat often sits in a separate app. That switch breaks focus. It also puts private talk at risk when messages leave the work space. We present a simple way to place a secure two person chat inside the same file. Messages stay where the work happens. The chat runs on many platforms. It uses end to end encryption and short lived keys. Sessions can use a shared passphrase. Messages auto delete after a time you choose. The client keeps a small footprint and avoids slow downs. We describe a clear host app API, a session flow with user check, and a light server that never sees plain text. We also share a plan to test delay, battery use, and data use on wifi and mobile networks. The goal is private talk that feels natural inside tools people already use.

Many detransitioners struggle with significant regret and trauma. They deserve to be offered compassionate and trauma-informed care that is difficult for them to access, despite predictable harms that can occur without adequate preparation for the possibility of regret associated with irreversible side effects of gender medicine, including loss of sexual function. Medical care for detransitioners remains undefined and is not covered by insurance. Psychosexual recovery is a long-term process that will not restore what has been lost but should be facilitated via access to trauma informed psychotherapy as well as existentially focused sex therapy to promote post-traumatic growth and healing.

Background: Healthcare settings require a system that detects errors and near misses and learns from them to prevent their reoccurrence. Development of such a system requires engagement of all stakeholders. Retrospective reporting, analyzing and preventing future errors is currently the most prevalent approach to reducing harm to patients. It is important to point out that a recent report regarding reporting by the US Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General to Congress suggests that “current methods of detection of adverse events are far from adequate and risk misdirection of present efforts to improve safety based quality”. Recommended Approach: In an approach to overcome numerous limitations of current reporting methods, the authors propose a web-based user-friendly method that helps engagement of all stakeholders. Whilst invoking “improvement science” with “design science” it applies safety principles. It enables meaningful reporting that applies concepts from organizational models of accidents (based on Reason’s Trajectory). The design and use features are described in detail. Conclusion: Pilot tests with this reporting tool have been very encouraging. This trajectory model appears to help reporters to detect and understand that most accidents can be attributed to one or more of three weaknesses: situational, latent, and active.

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

An interesting characteristic of the Earth, often noticed by schoolchildren, is that it seems out of balance: Oceans dominate the Southern Hemisphere, while continental crust seems to be crowded into the Northern Hemisphere. The cause of this inequity involves the greater number of mid‐ocean spreading ridges and significantly faster spreading rates in the Southern Hemisphere, but no explanation has ever been suggested for this hemispheric disparity in spreading ridges and rates. An examination of east‐west spreading rates and plate motion indicates that the imbalance is due to simple spherical geometry. In the Southern Hemisphere, the system of spreading ridges encircling Antarctica is pushing all of the neighboring plates northward, away from Antarctica. As these plates approach the equator, they begin to occupy larger latitudinal circumferences. This large‐scale northward motion of latitudinal bands of crust to lower latitudes requires significant emplacement of new crustal material to fill up the larger circumferences, resulting in extremely high sum total east‐west spreading rates along those latitudes. Contrariwise, in the Northern Hemisphere the general northward motion of plates away from the equator and toward smaller circumferences has led to a steep drop in spreading rates and the number of active spreading ridges. Sum total east‐west spreading rates along latitudes are correlated with the rate of latitudinal circumferential extension to a significant degree (r = 0.68). The geophysical result of this correlation has been the asymmetric globe that we see today, mostly young and oceanic in the south, mostly old and continental in the north.