Bunge (United States)

Abstract Rising costs and fluctuating availability of supplemental fats has led to increased interest in alternative fat sources, including palm oil products, for use in feedlot diets. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the impact of refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) palm oil products on beef fat color and quality and shelf-life of ground beef. During the finishing phase, 320 steers (initial BW = 380 ± 14.5 kg) were allocated to 40 pens in a randomized block design and assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments, consisting of either no supplemental fat (No Oil), or supplemental corn oil (Corn Oil), whole palm oil (Whole Palm), stearin palm oil (Stearin), or olein palm oil (Olein). Supplemental oils were included at 4% of diet (DM basis) and replaced equal proportions of dry-rolled and high-moisture corn. Forty-eight h post-harvest, briskets were collected from three carcasses per pen, vacuum packaged, aged for 14 d, and frozen until analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with pen as the experimental unit, and treatment and initial BW block as fixed effects. Subcutaneous fat from cattle fed Corn Oil was more yellow (b*) compared to cattle fed No Oil, Olein, Stearin, or Whole Palm (P < 0.05). However, there was no effect of treatment on lightness (L*) or redness (a*) of subcutaneous fat (P > 0.69). Ground beef was formulated to a consistent fat content and, as expected, moisture, protein, and fat content was not significantly different among treatments (P > 0.77). However, there was a tendency for ground beef from cattle fed palm oils to have increased collagen content compared to No Oil and Corn Oil treatments (P = 0.10). Beef from cattle fed Corn Oil, Stearin and Whole Palm had increased proportions of linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) compared to No Oil (P < 0.05). The proportions of C14:0, C14:1n-5, C16:0, C16:1n-7, C18:0, C18:1n-9, and C18:3n-3 were not impacted by treatment (P > 0.29). During simulated retail display, ground beef a* decreased from day 0 to day 7 for all treatments and there was an interaction (P < 0.01), where cattle fed Stearin and Whole palm had lower a* values on day 5 compared to No Oil, Corn Oil, and Olein. There was no diet × day interaction for ground beef L* or b* (P > 0.26). There was no diet × day interaction for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; P = 0.59) and there were no treatment effects (P = 0.18). From day 0 to day 7, however, TBARS increased (P < 0.01) for all dietary treatments. This experiment determined that RBD palm oil products have limited impacts on meat quality at this level of inclusion in feedlot diets.

Abstract A total of 360 barrows (200 × 400, DNA; initially 5.6 ± 0.02 kg) were used in a 37-d study to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of soy protein concentrate on growth performance and fecal dry matter. At weaning, pens of pigs were randomly allotted to one of six dietary treatments in a generalized randomized block design with body weight as a blocking factor. There were five pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Experimental diets were fed in two phases from d 0 to 9 (phase 1) and d 9 to 23 (phase 2) followed by a common phase 3 diet from d 23 to 37. Treatments were corn-soybean meal-based and consisted of increasing soy protein concentrate (SPC; PurePro Soy, Bunge; Chesterfield, MO) at 0, 4.25, 8.5, 12.75, and 17% replacing soybean meal (SBM) in the diet. The diet containing 17% SPC replaced 100% of the SBM. A sixth diet served as a positive control containing 8.5% enzymatically treated SBM (HP 300, Hamlet Protein; Findlay, OH) partially replacing SBM in the diet. All diets were formulated to the same standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) level and were similar in energy content with SBM net energy (NE) considered to be 100% of corn NE. Dietary additions of feed-grade amino acids (AA) were adjusted to meet or exceed AA requirements in relation to Lys for Ile, Met and Cys, Thr, Trp, and Val. On d 9 and 23, fecal samples were collected from the same three randomly selected pigs in each pen to determine fecal dry matter (DM). During the experimental period (d 0 to 23), ADG and G:F increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) as SPC increased with the greatest improvement in ADG and G:F when SPC increased from 0 to 8.5%. Pigs fed 8.5% SPC or 8.5% HP 300 had similar performance (P > 0.10). Additionally, ADFI increased (linear, P = 0.019) as SPC increased. Overall (d 0 to 37), increasing SPC (d 0 to 23) increased ADG (quadratic, P = 0.014) and ADFI (quadratic, P = 0.080) with the greatest response observed at 8.5% SPC. However, overall G:F tended to decrease (linear, P = 0.087) in pigs fed increasing SPC for the first 23 d after weaning. Fecal DM, increased as SPC increased (linear, P = 0.035) on d 9, and pigs fed 8.5% SPC had greater (P = 0.011) fecal DM than those fed 8.5% HP 300. However, no differences in fecal DM were observed on d 23. In summary, partial replacement of SBM with 8.5% SPC improved nursery pig growth performance compared to other inclusion levels and resulted in higher fecal DM compared to HP 300.

Latar belakang : Gangguan muskuloskeletal (MSDs) adalah cedera yang memengaruhi pergerakan sistem muskuloskeletal tubuh manusia. Pekerja supermarket rentan mengalami MSDs karena tugas mereka menangani material secara manual. (Syafiq Darul Ridzuan & Joan Bernard, 2022). WRMSDs adalah kontributor terbesar terhadap beban penyakit akibat kerja dan sebagian besar terkait dengan faktor ergonomi yang ditemukan di tempat kerja (Akodu & Ashalejo, 2019). Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) melaporkan bahwa kondisi muskuloskeletal adalah penyebab paling umum dari kecacatan dan keterbatasan yang terkait dengan kehidupan sehari-hari dan pekerjaan yang menghasilkan pendapatan. Gangguan muskuloskeletal (MSDs) selanjutnya diklasifikasikan sebagai gangguan spesifik atau non-spesifik. Gangguan muskuloskeletal spesifik memiliki ciri klinis yang jelas, sedangkan gangguan muskuloskeletal non-spesifik muncul dengan nyeri tanpa bukti gangguan yang jelas-spesifik (Krishnan et al., 2021). Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimental pretest–posttest; partisipan dibagi menjadi kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. perubahan skor nyeri dengan Nordic Body Map sebelum intervensi (dasar) dan setelah intervensi Kostum Foot Orthosis selama 4 minggu dan evaluasi dilakukan setiap 2 minggu. Hasil: Keluhan nyeri muskuloskeletal sebelum dilakukan tindakan sebesar 64,07 sedangkan setelah dilakukan tindakan sebesar 50,67. Terlihat bahwa nilai rata-rata keluhan nyeri muskuloskeletal menunjukkan adanya penurunan nyeri sebesar 13,40 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (p<0,05) dimana keluhan yang paling berat terdapat pada ekstremitas bawah. Kesimpulan: Penggunaan Foot Orthosis Custom berpengaruh pada pengurangan rasa nyeri pada Penyakit Muskuloskeletal. Kata Kunci: Musculoskeletal disorder, Kostum Foot Orthosis

Abstract Protein quality affects nutritional value and functional properties of protein products. It is important to assess protein quality accurately and cost‐effectively. Recently, a new indicator for protein quality, protein solubility index (PSI), was developed (JAOCS, 2022; 99, 855–871). The new method, featuring 5 mM NaOH extraction with magnetic stirring and simultaneous running of multiple samples, was proposed as AOCS method Ba 15‐2023. As part of the AOCS method approval process, a collaborative study was conducted to evaluate its performance. It involved 16 laboratories from 10 countries to measure PSI of the 12 selected samples plus a blind duplicate, including soybeans, pulses, cereals, and their processed products (flours, concentrates and isolates). After rigorous statistical analysis to remove a few outliers, several precision parameters were calculated. Repeatability relative standard deviations (RSD r ) ranged 0.6%–11.4%, with 10 samples having RSD r ≤ 5%. Reproducibility RSD R ranged 2.6%–15.7%. The five samples with RSD R ≥ 10% corresponded to protein isolates or those with the lowest N content or the lowest PSI. The study demonstrated robust performance of the proposed AOCS method. A few collaborators carried out additional experiments to address some aspects of the method, leading to further improvement. The results of the present study were presented to the AOCS Uniform Methods Committee for evaluation. Once the method is adopted as the Official Method for measuring PSI in various protein products, it is poised to serve as a unified index for protein quality with respect to both nutritional value and functional properties.

International trade helps to smooth food price swings caused from seasonal imbalances between domestic supply and demand. Trade also increases the possibility of importing price volatility from abroad. This concern looms large in the face of increased crop yield variability associated with climate change. We assess the extent to which maize yield shocks in exporting countries exacerbate the intra-seasonal variability of maize prices in a cross section of 75 markets in Africa, Asia, and Latin American countries during 2000/01–2017/18. We find that extreme below-trend reductions in maize yields in exporting countries are associated with increased intra-annual maize price variability in the focus countries. In contrast, above-trend maize yields in exporting countries are associated with reduced variability.

Oil degumming is a crucial process to obtain edible oils from crude seed oils. Using phospholipases, the degumming process runs more efficiently, leading to greater oil yield and improved separation of phospholipids from the oil. Phospholipase C enzymes enhance oil yield, and phospholipase A enzymes the removal of phospholipids from the oil. This chapter explains the working of the enzymes and the molecular and microstructural details of the enzymatic degumming process, and the impact for the industrial practice. In addition, a few other enzymatic concepts in vegetable oil processing are explained.

Engagement and player experience in multi-player games is influenced by the people you play with. For that reason, grouping features and matchmaking facilities in games, as well as third-party services, have gained in popularity in the industry and player community as they assist in building and maintaining social relationships with like-minded players. Understanding how social connections are formed and how these relations can foster in-game activity offers insights for building and maintaining a player base and can, in turn, improve retention and engagement. This paper examines the social network formed by users of the the100.io – a social matchmaking website for the game Destiny. The service provides an opportunity to examine an online social network formed around a game combined with demographic and preference data. The paper explores the correlation of structural network properties with preference and game-related performance data, provides metrics useful for analyzing and understanding the structure of these kinds of player networks and showcases how community analysis and behavioral profiling can be applied to inform game developers about behavioral groupings in social player networks.

A meta-analysis was performed on eight trials, which included a total of 992 parity 1 to 8 lactating sows, to evaluate the effects of feeding xylanase which is the main enzyme activity present in the enzymatic complex (Rovabio Excel, Adisseo, France) supplement throughout lactation on the following sow performance factors: BW loss, feed intake, backfat depth, and piglet growth. Even a short period of enzyme supplementation during lactation led to a reduction in BW loss of approximately 3 kg per sow (P = 0.003). This reduction represented 1-2% of the BW of sows. This effect could be explained by an increase in feed energy intake and enhanced feed digestibility. Sows fed enzyme-supplemented diets exhibited greater DM, OM, and GE digestibilities (3.4, 3.9, and 4.2% increases, respectively; P < 0.001) than sows fed control diets. During lactation, sows lost from 19 to 25 kg of BW (i.e., approximately 10% of their BW), with a difference between parity groups (P < 0.001). Body reserve mobilization was decreased in sows fed enzyme-supplemented diets (-2.9 kg, P = 0.003), with a more pronounced effect in primiparous than multiparous sows when BW loss is expressed relative to total BW (-2.27 vs. -0.59%, respectively; P = 0.058). Enzyme supplementation also increased litter weight gain up to weaning, with a greater effect in litters from multiparous sows than those from primiparous sows (5.4 vs. 0.6 kg, respectively; P = 0.009). These results could be explained in part by the relationship between their NE intake and either variations in BW or litter weight gain (R2 = 0.51 and 0.49, respectively; P < 0.001). Finally, the meta-analysis suggests that there are differences in the partitioning of the NE intake between growth and milk production and in relation to the sow's parity or physiological status. Extra energy released by enzyme is used for one of these functions (i.e., body mobilization reduction or greater milk export for litter gain).

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is important for brain function, however, the exactamount required for the brain is not agreed upon. While it is believed that thesynthesis rate of DHA from α-linolenic acid (ALA) is low, how thissynthesis rate compares with the amount of DHA required to maintain brain DHAlevels is unknown. The objective of this work was to assess whether DHAsynthesis from ALA is sufficient for the brain. To test this, rats consumed adiet low in n-3 PUFAs, or a diet containing ALA or DHA for 15 weeks. Over the 15weeks, whole body and brain DHA accretion was measured, while at the end of thestudy, whole body DHA synthesis rates, brain gene expression, and DHA uptakerates were measured. Despite large differences in body DHA accretion, there wasno difference in brain DHA accretion between rats fed ALA and DHA. In rats fedALA, DHA synthesis and accretion was 100-fold higher than brain DHA accretion ofrats fed DHA. Also, ALA-fed rats synthesized approximately 3-fold more DHA thanthe DHA uptake rate into the brain. This work indicates that DHA synthesis fromALA may be sufficient to supply the brain.