Business Innovation Center (Bulgaria)

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enables wireless communication among vehicles and between vehicles and the infrastructures to provide safety and comfort for the users. Malicious nodes in these networks may transmit false information to create the impression of an emergency event for selfish benefits. Moreover, several malicious nodes may cooperatively launch a false information attack to increase the attack’s credibility through their collusion. False information discovery is crucial to mitigate the potential security risks for the users. Existing techniques for false information detection in IoV utilize various approaches such as machine learning, trust scores, blockchain, statistical methods, etc. These techniques rely on roadside infrastructures, coordination among vehicles, historical information about vehicles, or artificial data. Besides, many approaches overlook collusion among attackers and assume that the attackers are always a minority. To address these limitations, we present a false information attack detection technique for IoV using a data clustering approach for vehicle behavior analysis. The objective of the proposed technique is to enable each vehicle to identify false information independently based on only real-time network information without assuming that the majority of the nodes are honest. Simulation results show that the proposed technique offers a 35% lower processing delay and a 13% higher true positive rate on average in comparison to existing approaches.

The article presents the particularities of informal education as a subject of the new Pedagogy of Informal Education, created by the author in 2020 as a new self-contained branch of pedagogy. The principles and functions of informal education are presented; types of informal education; the characteristics of adults as subjects of informal education; the particularities of individual informal education. Fourteen terms have been identified that form the terminological environment of informal education.

Abstract The Mu variant of SARS-CoV-2 has been recently classified as a variant of interest (VOI) by the world health organization (WHO) but limited data are available at the moment. In particular, a special attention was given to the R346K mutation located in the receptor binding domain (RBD). In the current study we performed Free energy of perturbation (FEP) calculations to elucidate it possible impact on a set of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which have been shown to be strong inhibitors of the most other known COVID-19 variants. Our results show that R346K affects the class 2 antibodies but its effect is not so significant (0.66 kcal/mol); i.e. reduces the binding with RBD about 3 times. An identical value was calculated also in the presence of both class 1 and class 2 antibodies (BD-812/836). Further, a similar reduction in the binding (0.4 kcal/mol) was obtained for BD-821/771 pair of mAbs. For comparison, the addition of K417N mutation, present in the newly registered Mu variant in July 2021 in UK, affected the class 1 mAbs by 1.29 kcal/mol reducing stronger the binding by about 10 times. Thus, the resistance effect of R346K mutation in the Mu variant is possible but not so significant and is due to the additional decrease of antibody neutralization based on the reduced binding of class 2 antibodies.

In this paper, the effects of various defects on the initial electrical characteristics of planar-MOSFET devices were investigated. The measurement results revealed that some pit defects that resulted from the fabrication process were as harmful as traditional killer defects in Schottky barrier diode devices. These pit defects could be observed and distinguished by photoluminescence imaging technology. It is necessary to inspect wafers during fabrication—especially before the film deposition process, when the pit defects are easily overlaid and hidden.

While the business model has become a popular concept in many academic disciplines, it has not been invited into the accounting sphere. A new development, Integrated Reporting, promises to challenge this, but unfortunately its conceptualisation of the concept is flawed. Can the accountancy profession grasp value propositions to customers?

This chapter provides an overview of Intellectual Capital (IC) in practice and beyond. It focuses on the role of IC in organizations and between organizations, institutions and beyond. Arguably, IC is having a resurgence, because a new reporting framework Integrated Reporting (IR) makes use of IC as part of its six capitals framework International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). The chapter examines the path that critical IC research has followed from its conception until today and reflects on the possible future path for critical IC research. In order to extend the frontiers of IC research beyond 'what is' into stage three research investigating IC in practice from a critical and performative perspective, and stage few research influenced by critical social and environmental accounting, a number of future research avenues are explored within the New Zealand public sector. Given a general acceptance of IC, understanding how the public sector views IC will become increasingly important.

In the present paper, an overview of the Generalized Nets (GNs) models in medicine and telecare/telehealth is given. The apparatus of GNs has been used in the modelling of physiological processes, diagnostics of diseases, organisational and administrative processes in hospitals. Recently, in a series of papers, GNs have been used to model telecare/telehealth services. On the basis of these models, a GN model of telemedicine for patients with diabetes is proposed. The sensors included in the model are blood pressure monitor, weight scale, pulse oximeter and blood glucose monitor. Smart filtering of false positive alarm messages is included which reduces the number of events for which the health care person has to take a decision. The GN model can be used to develop a decision support tool for telemedicine for people with diabetes.

This chapter presents a comprehensive new governance model to support the policy design and implementation lifecycle. The innovations are driven by the demand of citizens and political decision makers to support the policy domains in urban regions with appropriate ICT technologies. It will target domains such as sustainably development, urban planning, and more specifically, fostering bicycle inter-modality in the city of Skopje. The scientific approach is based on complexity science. The proposed optimization model is aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to using bicycles as a transport means in Skopje, considering bicycle riding for transport on private bicycles, and different share schemes.

Abstract Most thoughtful business executives agree that social accountability is here to stay and are increasingly using social‐accountability audits to help them determine what they are doing, how effective it is, and how it can be improved.