CNRT Matériaux

Fonio (Digitaria exilis [Kippist] Stapf) species is from Africa. In Burkina Faso, the genetic diversity of fonio is little known. It is the same for its mode of management and the understanding of its culture. The objective of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of fonio grown in Burkina Faso. Prospecting collects a permit to identify production areas and collect 60 accessions. The ethnobotanical survey made it possible to collect endogenous knowledge relating to the plant. Fourteen ethnic groups were encountered in 231 people surveyed. Both explained and unexplained vernacular names have been observed. Fonio is a plant of great importance for populations in terms of food and is part of the cultural identity of several ethnic groups. It is also a source of income for the local populations. A gradual abandonment (35.30% of respondents) of its cultivation has been observed because of the painful post-harvest transformation process. The endogenous knowledge collected within the local population will serve as a guide for the valuation of the species. The required accessions will be used for other studies such as agromorphological, biochemical and molecular genetic characterization to better identify its diversity, conserve it and better enhance the species. Key words: Fonio, genetic diversity, indigenous knowledge, Burkina Faso, postharvest quality, shelf life.

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.

In situ transmission electron microscopy observations during 50-keV Si+ ion implantation in InP were performed from 15 to 600 K. The implantation dose temperature dependence of the cluster density was studied in the 15–400-K range, and the results are discussed. It is shown that the result of increasing damage is either amorphization (T≤400 K) or phase precipitation (T≥500 K). The threshold fluence for these phenomena increases with the implantation temperature (from 8 × 1011 Si/cm2 at 15 K to 4 × 1015 Si/cm2 at 600 K). The formation of an amorphous layer is ascribed to the defect zone overlap of the displacement cascade outskirts. The precipitate structure and evolution are studied.

In vivo measurement of glucose utilization by individual tissues of 19-day rat fetuses have been performed using radioactive 2-deoxy-D-glucose technique. In the basal state, glucose metabolic index was 13.6 +/- 0.5 ng.min-1.mg-1 for the whole fetus, 21 +/- 1 in the hindlimb muscles, 13 +/- 2 in the liver, and 16 +/- 2 in the brain, whereas the fetal heart had the highest value: 62 +/- 5 ng.min-1.mg-1. To raise the fetal glycemia, the basal maternal blood glucose concentration of 0.78 +/- 0.02 g/l was elevated to 1.04 +/- 0.02 g/l by mean of hyperglycemic clamps. The fetal hyperglycemia increased glucose metabolic index by 30-100% over basal values in all the tissues tested except in the brain. To raise fetal insulinemia, maternal euglycemic clamp with supraphysiological insulin concentrations were performed, then a fraction (1%) of exogenous insulin crossed the placenta. Fetal plasma insulin concentrations were thus elevated to 180 +/- 32 and 255 +/- 23 microU/ml. The fetal heart increased significantly its glucose metabolic index in response to the lower insulin level. Glucose metabolic index in hindlimb muscles and liver was increased by 50-100% for the highest insulin level, whereas the brain was unaffected by exogenous insulin. We conclude that glucose metabolic index is stimulated by physiological hyperglycemia in individual fetal tissues and that fetal tissues (heart, liver, and muscle) are sensitive to exogenous insulin.

Despite an increased concentration of plasma non-esterified fatty acid, sucking piglets do not show an increased level of circulating ketone bodies (P6go- rier et al., 1981). This low ketonemia is not due to a high rate of ketone body uti- lization but to a low rate of hepatic ketone body production (Pgorier et al., 1983). The low rate of ketone body production also results from a limited capacity for fatty acid oxidation associated with a huge capacity for fatty acid esterification in the liver of newborn pigs, whatever their nutritional status

It is analytically shown that the origin of the magnetoelastic anisotropy term $\ensuremath{\Delta}K$, previously established as specific of the polycrystalline state, is related to the product of the strong isotropic virtual "exchange stresses" due to the exchange striction by the anisotropic magnetostrictive deformation constrained by the neighboring grains. A linear law of the variation of $\ensuremath{\Delta}K$ versus the exchange-striction volume anomaly $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}V}{V}$ is obtained for Ni${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and yttrium iron garnet. An analytical expression of $\ensuremath{\Delta}K(T)$ as a function of ionic structure parameters is established.