Canning College

Impregnated diamond bits are designed with segments containing multiple layers of embedded diamonds. As the outermost layer of diamonds wears out, the next layer of sharp diamonds is exposed, sustaining performance in drilling hard and abrasive formations. Although allowing diamonds to wear fully before renewal may seem optimal for bit life, industry practices often prioritize maintaining sharp diamonds. This raises a key question: which approach delivers greater efficiency? Answering this question requires a clear understanding of bit wear mechanisms, the variables governing their occurrence, and associated wear rates. Previous studies have described different wear mechanisms, but most have been qualitative and lacked methods to quantify the bit wear state and wear rate. This research addresses these gaps by: (i) developing a systematic experimental methodology to track bit wear while drilling, and (ii) conducting a comprehensive study to identify dominant wear mechanisms and quantify wear rates under various drilling conditions. With the proposed methodology, bit wear was investigated across seven rock types, five depths of cut (thickness of rock removed per bit revolution), and three angular velocities. The results led to the development of a conceptual wear model governed by depth of cut, identifying three distinct wear regimes and two critical depths of cut. Wear rates for each regime were quantified for rock types studied. The model provides a practical framework to select the optimum depth of cut based on rock properties. A sequel to this paper will explore the relationship between bit wear state and drilling response, which is defined as the relation between depth of cut and forces (axial thrust and torque) acting on the bit. • Developed a novel experimental methodology to precisely measure the wear state and the wear rate of ID bits. • The wear of ID bits is characterized by three dominant wear regimes governed by the depth of cut. • The rate of change in diamonds wear flat areas in the polishing-dominant regime increases exponentially with rock’s Mohs hardness. • For a given rock, the bit wear rate increases exponentially with the depth of cut. • The bit wear rate increases linearly with the rock’s Mohs hardness at a given depth of cut.

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The Slovenian Scientific Series in Humanities (SSSH) is a book series that promotes critical thinking, fosters original approaches and encourages comparative studies in the fields of history, anthropology, ethnology, linguistics and literary studies, geography and archaeology of rural, urban and maritime human environments.It concentrates on Slovenia and the eastern half of Europe, but is open to wider European and World themes.The SSSH wishes to help overcome the prevalently western centred perspective and interpretations as well as fill the knowledge gap about East-Central, South-Eastern, and Eastern Europe in international scholarly literature.It welcomes interdisciplinarily conceived volumes, theoretical explorations and alternative readings, original case studies and fieldwork research results.Topics covered include labour, development, population, migration, household, gender and kinship, the cultural landscape and natural resources use, multicultural and multilingual societies, the material and immaterial culture of past and present communities.The book series will include high quality focused thematic paper collections, original research monographs and higher education textbooks.The SSSH volumes will be of interest to researchers, postgraduate and undergraduate students, university and schoolteachers, as well as other professionals, experts and enthusiasts for current and innovative perspectives in humanities research.

Adaptive and mobile learning technologies are leading innovation in personalized and blended learning for language education at tertiary level. However, the growth of adaptive and mobile resources is not matched by sufficient research on their effective implementation in university language courses. In this chapter, we present a study conducted in Italian beginners units at the University of Western Australia in 2017 (credit-bearing undergraduate courses). These units were redesigned to integrate adaptive and mobile learning resources for automated and personalized language practice. We describe and discuss qualitative and quantitative data on students’ engagement with the adaptive platform, their evaluation of skill practice on the platform, and the use of mobile devices to access the platform. Our results show that adaptive and mobile technologies have great potential to enhance the student learning experience, but also that, at present, various issues limit the implementation of these resources. We offer recommendations to address these issues.

The Yilgarn Craton (Western Australia) forms a large part of inland central and southern Western Australia. It hosts gold mines in the Kalgoorlie to Wiluna area, at Norseman, Meekatharra and Boddington; nickel from Ravensthorpe to Kambalda and Leinster; bauxite (aluminium) ores in the Darling Range; copper–zinc at Golden Grove; tantalum at Greenbushes; iron ore at Koolyanobbing; and uranium at Yeelirrie. In the second half of the twentieth century, the Yilgarn witnessed a transformative period in the resources industry which included the discovery and successful exploitation of a new deposit type (komatiite-hosted nickel sulphide), a massive boom in the exploration and mining of Archaean lode gold, and developments in a number of other commodities. By 1999, 20 million tonnes of nickel had been identified, and the gold inventory rose in 20 years from 4 million ounces to 100 million ounces, despite the mining of about 100 million ounces over the same period. Nickel production reached 170 000 tonnes per annum and gold production was ∼6.5 million ounces per annum. Western Australia was converted from a small economy based largely on agriculture to the world’s mining powerhouse. These commercial successes were a culmination of research yielding new deposit models, a new appreciation of the regolith that blankets the Yilgarn and the tools to work beneath that regolith.

Taboada, A.C., Mory, A.J., Shi, G.R., Haig, D.W. & Pinilla, M.K., 12.11.2014. An Early Permian brachiopod–gastropod fauna from the Calytrix Formation, Barbwire Terrace, Canning Basin, Western Australia. Alcheringa 39, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518A small brachiopod–gastropod fauna from a core close to the base of the Calytrix Formation within the Grant Group includes the brachiopods Altiplecus decipiens (Hosking), Myodelthyrium dickinsi (Thomas), Brachythyrinella narsarhensis (Reed), Neochonetes (Sommeriella) obrieni Archbold, Tivertonia barbwirensis sp. nov. and the gastropod Peruvispira canningensis sp. nov. The fauna has affinities with that of the late Sakmarian‒early Artinskian Nura Nura Member directly overlying the Grant Group in other parts of the basin but, as with all lower Cisuralian (and Pennsylvanian) glacial strata in Western Australia, its precise age remains poorly constrained, especially in terms of correlation to international stages. Although the Calytrix fauna lies within the Pseudoreticulatispora confluens Palynozone, the only real constraint on its age (and that of the associated glacially influenced strata) is from Sakmarian (Sterlitamakian) and stratigraphically younger faunas. A brief review of radiometric ages from correlative strata elsewhere in Gondwana shows that those ages need to be updated. The presence of Asselian strata and the position of the Carboniferous‒Permian boundary remain unclear in Western Australia.Arturo César Taboada [ataboada@unpata.edu.ar], CONICET-Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad (LIEB), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Sede Esquel, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ‘San Juan Bosco’, Edificio de Aulas, Ruta Nacional 259, km. 16,5, Esquel U9200, Chubut, Argentina; Arthur Mory [arthur.mory@dmp.wa.gov.au], Geological Survey of Western Australia, 100 Plain Street, East Perth, WA 6004, School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Guang R. Shi [grshi@deakin.edu.au], School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; David W. Haig [david.haig@uwa.edu.au], School of Earth and Environment (M004), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; María Karina Pinilla [mkpinilla@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar], División Paleozoología Invertebrados, Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

This chapter examines the evolution of the international law of the use of force from 1919 to 1939 and the continuing shift towards the use of peaceful means to settle disputes. An important aspect of this examination is a detailed study of the General treaty for the renunciation of war 1928 and its relevance to the origin, nature and legal scope of the inherent right of self-defence. Identified for the first time in the scholarly works is the creation by this treaty of a corollary legal right in favour of states to remain free from the use of war in their international relations and the relevance of the inherent right of self-defence to protecting this right. The end of this period is critical to understanding the legal scope of this right at the time Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations 1945 was introduced. This scope remained the imminent threat, or use, of armed force directed against the territory of a state or that of an ally. There is a continuing absence of reference to the concept of ‘anticipatory self-defence’ in international law. The basis for the hypothetical definition for the legal commencement of an armed attack in international law discussed in the previous chapters is applied to the period examined in this chapter.

ANZ Journal of SurgeryVolume 78, Issue 5 p. 415-415 Optimizing the approach to patients with potentially resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer John Ludbrook MD, DSc, FRACS, John Ludbrook MD, DSc, FRACS 563 Canning Street Carlton North Victoria, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author John Ludbrook MD, DSc, FRACS, John Ludbrook MD, DSc, FRACS 563 Canning Street Carlton North Victoria, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 31 March 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2008.04492.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume78, Issue5May 2008Pages 415-415 RelatedInformation

Baudin's Cockatoo (Culyptorhvnchus baudinii) is a large, iconic, forest cockatoo, endemic to the south-west corner of Western Australia and currently listed as endangered.It has suffered a substantial decline in numbers in the past 50 years.Direct causes of population decline include large numbers shot by orchardists, fragmentation of habitat and the impact of hollow competitors.In this paper we provide details of distribution, status, habitat preferences, breeding, social organisation, migration and movements, roost sites and diet.We also include observations on the relationships between birds at two large autumn-winter roost sites, eight kilometres apart in the Perth hills.The conservation of this cockatoo provides a challenge for the future especially in reducing its major threats.We recommend future monitoring of major roosts in order to determine population trends and to measure progress in conservation efforts.

Engaging people from lower socio‐economic backgrounds in self‐management of their chronic disease(s) presents particular challenges (Walker & Peterson, 2003). A demonstration project (HealthPartners) targeting such clients with diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease, plus one or more co‐existing conditions and aged 50 years or older, has recently been co‐ordinated by the Canning Division of General Practice in Western Australia. Six new interventions for clients were developed, including one‐to‐one facilitation. Where the latter occurred, a key aspect of client management and commitment adopted by HealthPartners was joint preparation of action plans by client and facilitator. Such action plans covered issues identified, stage of change, goals, actions and progress (the extent to which actions specified in a previous plan had been carried out by the time the plan was revisited). The paper provides an overview of the action‐planning process and its outcomes, and the results of an impact assessment of the programme as a whole. To be effective in changing behaviour, it appears important for many clients to participate in a group with peers in a relevant activity.