Carnegie Museum of Art

Problem Higher staff turnover rates occurred at a university when flexible work schedules were selectively discontinued in some divisions after the COVID-19 pandemic workplace disruption. Solution Staff surveys and focus groups identified a strong positive connection between flexible work, job satisfaction, and supervisor support. Alongside collaborators, leadership workshop cohorts were developed for staff supervisors. Pre- and post-workshop surveys, interviews, and a split-test survey of non-managerial staff gauged if job satisfaction and belonging were influenced by the workshops and how flexible work was factored. Job satisfaction and communication improved for participants and their staff. Furthermore, their staff reported higher feelings of belonging. Stakeholders The intended audience for this article is HRD scholars, practitioners, and employers interested in improving job satisfaction and belonging for their employees.

Abstract Neoplasms are common across the animal kingdom and seem to be a feature plesiomorphic for metazoans, related with an increase in somatic complexity. The fossil record of cancer complements our knowledge of the origin of neoplasms and vulnerability of various vertebrate taxa. Here, we document the first undoubted record of primary malignant bone tumour in a Mesozoic non-amniote. The diagnosed osteosarcoma developed in the vertebral intercentrum of a temnospondyl amphibian, Metoposaurus krasiejowensis from the Krasiejów locality, southern Poland. A wide array of data collected from gross anatomy and microstructure of the affected intercentrum reveals the tumour growth dynamics and pathophysiological aspects of the neoplasm formation on the histological level. The neoplastic bone mimics on the structural level the fast growing fibrolamellar bone, but on the histological level develops through a novel ossification type. The physiological process of bone remodelling inside the endochondral domain continued uninterrupted across the pathology of the periosteal part. Based on the results, we discuss our case study’s consistence with the Tissue Organization Field Theory of tumorigenesis, which locates the causes of neoplastic transformations in disorders of tissue architecture.

Survey of transcortical channels across mammalian phylogeny exposes a previously unrecognized phenomena, localized to the most caudal third of a Sus scrofa parietal. The current study is performed to assess the nature, ontogeny and phylogenetic distribution of this phenomenon. Dissection of a fresh S. scrofa is performed to characterize the nature of these structures and assess the relationship of the phenomenon to overlying tissues. The external surface of the parietal region of the skulls of recent Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Lagomorpha, and Rodentia and Pleistocene Platygonus compressus are systematically examined by surface microscopy. Dissection of the parietal region of a S. scrofa head revealed a structure localized to the most caudal third of the parietal bone. It is composed of anastomosing blood vessels interposed between the dermis and bone. The phenomenon is present among Artiodactyla in all examined Suidae and Tayassuidae, but limited among Cervidae to Odocoileus and apparently limited among Perissodactyla to Tapiridae, both extant and extinct and independent of sex and age. A previously undescribed anatomic structure is observed during survey of transcortical parietal circulation. There is connection between the structure and parietal diploic vessels. Interpreted as a vascular plexus, the possibility of a countercurrent system for brain thermoregulation is considered.

Physical anthropology embraces a hunger for understanding the ecosphere in which we live, its impact on the life and health and our impact environmental signature. This has been pursued tenaciously, utilizing speculative approaches, with lesser attention to assuring adherence to fundamentals. The resulting perceptions of the environment and of the people therein, both contemporary and ancient, have been subject to a variety of biases. Although many are obvious and discussed in detail in this manuscript, it seems appropriate to question why they have persisted. What benefit does the biased individual gain? Certainly not advancement beyond circular reasoning, which itself reinforces the proponent and their philosophies. It certainly is easy to pursue studies and their promulgation by rote, minimizing cognitive effort expenditure. It is easier to pontificate a technique, than to pursue and assure its independent validation. It is easier to assume that students are performing correctly, without expending the rigor/time of/for actually testing fundamentals and assuring the validity of one’s own techniques. It is easier to stalwartly defend the status quo that has defined one’s life to date, than to subject it to potential modification and thus to consider critical thinking as an existential threat. Perhaps that explains apparent aversion to and attempts to block promulgation of evidence that application of scientific methodology to physical anthropology provides an opportunity for meaningful contributions beyond salvage work. The latter has value, but physical anthropology can offer much more. Extirpating the biases would be a major step in that direction and resurrect logos.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is an idiopathic florid enthesial reaction, especially recognized in the presence of ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. It is essentially an asymptomatic phenomena, rather than a disease. DISH, however, is not the only phenomenon responsible for florid enthesial reaction and recognition of such reaction, and it is important to assure that hypervitaminosis A (idiopathic or iatrogenic) or spondyloarthropathy is not actually responsible for the ossification. The paravertebral ossification in DISH is separate in space from the vertebral body, allowing it to be distinguished from the syndesmophytes of spondyloarthropathy, which produce anulus fibrosis ossification. The presence of erosion and fusion of zygapophyseal and costovertebral joints in spondyloarthropathy also facilitates distinguishing between the two phenomena. One seeks abnormalities on X-rays in attempting to explain the source of a patient’s back pain. It is critical however to determine whether a given radiologic finding (e.g., DISH) actually could be responsible. In the case of DISH, it is not and its recognition should not deter the healthcare provider from pursuing a complete evaluation.

The flat-end surfaces of dinosaur vertebral centra led to the presumption that intervertebral discs occupied the space between their vertebrae. A set of fused hadrosaur vertebrae allowed that hypothesis to be tested. The Tyrannosaurus rex responsible for this pathology did not escape unscathed. It left behind a tooth crown that had fractured. Fragments of that tooth were scattered through the intervertebral space, evidencing that there was no solid structure to impede its movement. That eliminates the possibility of an intervertebral disc and instead proves the presence of an articular space, similar to that in modern reptiles, but at variance to what is noted in birds. While avian cervical vertebral centra appear to be separated by diarthrodial joints, the preponderance of their thoracic vertebral centra is not separated by synovial joints.

Department of Medicine West Virginia University College of Medicine and Carnegie Museum Pittsburgh, PA [email protected]. The author declares no conflict of interest.

Avascular necrosis, diagnosed on the basis of either a specific pathological modification of the articular surfaces of bone or its radiologic appearance in vertebral centra, has been recognized in many Mesozoic marine reptiles as well as in present-day marine mammals. Its presence in the zoological and paleontologic record is usually associated with decompression syndrome, a disease that affects secondarily aquatic vertebrates that could dive. Bone necrosis can also be caused by infectious processes, but it differs in appearance from decompression syndrome-associated aseptic necrosis. Herein, we report evidence of septic necrosis in the proximal articular surface of the femur of a marine reptile, Pistosaurus longaevus, from the Middle Triassic of Poland and Germany. This is the oldest recognition of septic necrosis associated with septic arthritis in the fossil record so far, and the mineralogical composition of pathologically altered bone is described herein in detail. The occurrence of septic necrosis is contrasted with decompression syndrome-associated avascular necrosis, also described in Pistosaurus longaevus bone from Middle Triassic of Germany.

<p>Availability of new has afforded rheumatologists the opportunity to investigate molecular pathophysiology of joint disease techniques [1,2]. Attempts to relate DNA polymorphisms to disease activity or addresses one aspect susceptibility [3-5]. Mutations and epigenetics have received consideration [3,6], but there is another pertinent concept that needs a clearer defi nition when seeking to understand synovial pathophysiology and that is pleiotropy. This concept is not frequently discussed and its signifi cance and implications, rarely recognized. Epigenetics is the alteration of gene function in an organism, but not of the gene itself [7-11], (Reik, 2007). This is in contradistinction to pleiotropic effects, variable somatic changes induced by a single gene often simultaneously, but differentially affecting multiple body systems [12-14].</p>