Catholic University of Ávila

As part of the revision of the seismic hazard investigations for the Panamá Canal Expansion Project in the Pacific new set of locks, we completed a detailed archeoseismological investigation on the existing ruins of the ancient Panamá La Vieja, which was affected by an earthquake of intensity ≥VIII in AD 1621 (6.9 Mw). Additionally, geomorphic, paleoseismic research together with the analysis of the historical and instrumental seismicity in central Panama allowed to develop different macroseismic scenarios (ShakeMaps) to check the suitability of the different proposed seismic sources in this zone of the isthmus where convergence rates are low (c. 0.7 – 0.8 mm/yr).The archaeological site of Panamá La Vieja is the only place in which that event is truly documented by the historical report of the vicar Requejo Salcedo (earthquake witness), but also for the different earthquake archaeological effects (EAEs) preserved in the buildings of the present ruins. There were only eight stone buildings and about seventeen masonry buildings (convents, city jail, hospital, etc.) in the year 1621. The old cathedral was under construction then and the rest of the houses were wooden structures. At present, the convents of San Francisco, Sto. Domingo, La Compañia de Jesús, La Concepción and the old Hospital, display severe earthquake damage, the last three buildings practically collapsed. The measured EAEs are (a) penetrative and conjugate fractures in masonry walls; (b) tilted walls; (c) rotated and displaced masonry blocks; and (d) a large amount of dipping broken corners in stone blocks. The structural measures of the EAEs indicate a N10-20E regular orientation for ground movement, consistent with the offshore current seismic activity in the Pacific south of the city. There the NNW-SSE left-lateral Las Perlas Fault (LPF), responsible for two c. 5.0 Mw instrumental events (years 1971 and 2017), that struck the Panama City (c. 15 -20 km far away) with intensity VI MM. This scenario it is not consistent with other proposed seismic sources, such as the right-lateral Pedro Miguel Fault (PMF), cutting across the new set of locks of the Panamá Canal onshore. ShakeMaps (USGS methodology) elaborated to check the PMF and LPF seismic sources strongly suggests that the PMF 6.9 Mw earthquake solution do not explain the oriented damage recorded in the archaeological site. On the contrary, the offshore LPF solution only will need of a lower 6.0 – 6.5 Mw event to explain the destruction at the archaeological site with PGA values c. 0.4g (VIII MM). In addition, the LPF solution can account for the small tsunami flooding the littoral sector of the old city soon after the event described in the historical chronicle of Requejo Salcedo during the evening of 2 May1621. Recent research denies the Holocene and historical and activity of the PMF and our analyses strongly suggest that offshore faults (i.e. PLF) in the Gulf of Panama can be more suitable and realistic candidates than the PMF as the source of the 1621 earthquake.Contribution supported by the Spanish Research Project I+D+i PID2021-123510OB-I00 (QTECIBERIA-USAL) funded by the MICINAEI/10.13039/501100011033/

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) primarily affects the respiratory tract, with a high burden among older adults. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of RSV-associated respiratory infections in community-dwelling older adults across Europe. Methods A prospective, observational study was conducted in six European countries over three consecutive RSV seasons (October 2021 until April 2024). Non-RSV vaccinated participants (age ≥60 years) presenting with symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) at general practitioners and outpatient clinics/outpatient hospitals were recruited. Respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viruses were detected using a combined nasal and throat swab. Diary cards and regular phone contacts were used to collect information on onset and resolution of symptoms. The prevalence of RT-PCR confirmed RSV-ARI (cRSV-ARI) was estimated, as well as symptom duration, underlying comorbidities, prevalence of RT-PCR confirmed RSV lower respiratory tract disease (cRSV-LRTD), complications, hospitalizations, and co-infections. Results A total of 2573 participants were enrolled (139 with cRSV-ARI). The prevalence of cRSV-ARI varied by season: 3.6% in Season 1, 9.3% in Season 2, and 4.2% in Season 3. The most frequently reported upper respiratory, lower respiratory, and systemic symptoms were nasal congestion/rhinorrhea, cough, and fatigue (cRSV-ARI: 83.1%, 97.8%, and 64.0%; non-cRSV-ARI: 78.0%, 95.0%, and 68.2%). The overall prevalence of cRSV-LRTD was 3.9% in Season 1, 12.5% in Season 2, and 7.3% in Season 3. Conclusions This study highlights the substantial burden of RSV among older adults in Europe and reflects the shift in RSV epidemiology due to the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating a return to prepandemic seasonality trends. Clinical Trial Registration Not applicable

The convergence of Robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed engineering by enabling the design of intelligent systems capable of learning, adapting, and performing complex tasks. These synergies are driving innovation across multiple engineering disciplines, including mechanical, materials, electrical, industrial, civil, and aerospace engineering. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure and emerging research directions of Robotics and AI in engineering, with the aim of identifying research trends, influential authors, leading institutions, and emerging thematic areas. Data were collected from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, covering the period from 2020 to 2025, and analyzed using bibliometric mapping techniques and performance indicators. The results reveal a sustained growth in research on autonomous systems, collaborative robots, and human–robot interaction within engineering contexts, with a strong emphasis on AI-driven optimization. Bibliometric analyses show that deep learning, reinforcement learning, and computer vision constitute the core enabling technologies structuring the field. In addition, the results highlight a high degree of international collaboration and a concentration of scientific output and impact in a limited number of leading countries, institutions, and journals.

Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a mild but meaningful decline in cognitive function among cancer patients, affecting domains such as memory, attention, and executive functions. Emerging evidence suggests that physical exercise is a promising non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate these symptoms. Although several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have examined this topic, no umbrella review has yet synthesized the full body of evidence. This umbrella review aims to integrate findings on the effects of exercise on different cognitive domains in cancer populations, considering both self-reported and objective outcomes. The review will follow PRIOR guidelines and apply a PRISMA-based search strategy across four databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus). Eligibility criteria will follow the PICOS framework, including systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses evaluating exercise interventions and their impact on cognitive outcomes in individuals with cancer. Data on intervention characteristics, cognitive domains, and effect sizes will be extracted, and methodological quality will be assessed using GRADE and AMSTAR-2. This review will offer a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence on exercise and CRCI, helping identify the most responsive cognitive domains, effective exercise modalities, and key methodological gaps to inform future research and evidence-based recommendations for cancer survivors’ cognitive health.

<h3>Background and Importance</h3> Long-acting antiretroviral therapy represents a major advance in HIV management by improving adherence and reducing treatment burden. Long-acting intramuscular cabotegravir and rilpivirine provide an effective and safe alternative to daily oral regimens, promoting treatment continuity and enhancing the quality of life of people living with HIV (PLHIV). <h3>Aim and Objectives</h3> To analyse the persistence, adherence, and safety of long-acting intramuscular cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) in PLHIV. <h3>Material and Methods</h3> This was a retrospective, multicentre, observational study conducted in three hospitals. All patients who initiated long-acting CAB/RPV between July 2023 and March 2025 and received at least three doses were included. Collected data included demographic characteristics, previous antiretroviral therapy (ART), viral load (VL) and CD4+ cell count (both at baseline and last visit), and concomitant non-ART medications. Persistence was defined as the time (months) from treatment initiation to discontinuation; reasons for discontinuation were also recorded. Safety was assessed by the occurrence of adverse events (AEs), and adherence was measured as the proportion of injections administered within the recommended dosing window. Data were extracted from outpatient management software and electronic medical records. <h3>Results</h3> Fifty-seven patients (17.5% women) were included, with a mean age of 53.1 ± 10 years. Prior to switching, 22 patients were on DTG/3TC, 13 on DTG/RPV, nine on RPV/FTC/TAF, eight on BIC/FTC/TAF, three on DRV/c, and two on RPV+ABC/3TC. All patients had VL &lt; 50 copies/mL. Median CD4+ cell count at baseline and last visit was 756.5 (560–973) and 646.5 (532–853) cells/μL, respectively. Mean persistence was 9.6 ± 4 months. Reasons for discontinuation included virological failure (n=2; one developed resistance to RPV and one intermediate resistance to RPV and CAB), adverse reactions (n=5), loss to follow-up (n=2), and drug interaction with acenocoumarol (n=1). The most common AEs were local pain (61.4%), general malaise (12.3%), fever (2.5%), radiating pain (2.5%), vasovagal symptoms (1.7%), fatigue (1.7%), and headache (1.7%). A total of 322/325 (99%) injections were administered within the dosing window. No significant drug interactions were detected. <h3>Conclusion and Relevance</h3> Long-acting intramuscular CAB/RPV appears to be an effective and safe strategy for PLHIV. Despite high adherence, close monitoring for adverse events and early detection of virological failure are essential to optimise long-term persistence. <h3>Conflict of Interest</h3> No conflict of interest

Climate change is expected to alter the distribution limits of woody species in Mediterranean and semi-arid regions, especially near forest-steppe transition zones. In this study, ecological niche modeling (ENM) was applied to examine the current and future habitat suitability of prickly juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) in Türkiye under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) for the periods 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100. Species-environment relationships were quantified using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm. From 48 candidate MaxEnt models, the optimal model was selected based on statistical performance and showed a high mean training AUC (AUC = 0.869, SD = 0.017). Null model testing confirmed that predictive performance exceeded random expectations (AUCnull = 0.593, SD = 0.011; Z = 28.294, p < 0.00001). Among all predictors, precipitation of the driest month (bio14) and slope showed the highest contributions, accounting for 24.9% and 24.3%, respectively. Present-day suitability reveals that J. oxycedrus has a wide distribution in the interior Anatolian and Mediterranean uplands. Future projections indicate limited habitat loss during the early projection period, followed by substantial reductions toward the end of the century, particularly under high-emission scenarios. Late-century projections suggest that suitable habitats become increasingly restricted to mountainous areas, including the Taurus range and selected highland regions of Central and northern Türkiye. Overall, the findings underline that climate adaptation is closely linked to how biome boundaries are managed in relation to ecological thresholds. Expanding forest cover beyond natural environmental limits may not represent an effective adaptation strategy.

Renewable hydrogen has become a versatile technology that can play a key role in the deployment of energy communities, although technological, economic, environmental, legal, and social challenges remain to be addressed. This study conducts a systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology that analyzes the current state of technologies, the different applications, challenges and limitations, and future lines of research related to the enabling role of hydrogen in energy communities. Results from the bibliometric analysis show sustained growth in the number of publications over the last five years (2020–2025), with a predominance of applications in which hydrogen is combined with other energy carriers (58%). The versatility of hydrogen has prompted the evaluation of different applications, with particular emphasis on energy storage to capitalize on energy surpluses (51%), mobility (19%), and heating (20%). The main existing barriers come from the absence of stable long-term regulation, interoperability between components and technologies, and a lack of real data. Overcoming these challenges should be based on new technologies such as artificial intelligence and the construction and operation of pilot projects. In addition, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis has been conducted building upon the SHARED-H2 SUDOE project, yielding particularly insightful results through the active involvement of stakeholders in the preparatory process. Based on all the points given above, the research concludes that it is necessary to improve long-term policies and increase training at all levels aimed at active end-user participation and a profound restructuring of the energy system.

BackgroundThe cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase II (NT5C2) enzyme has been implicated in both psychiatric disorders and metabolic traits, but whether these associations reflect a shared biological basis remains unclear. Here we combined cross-species approaches to investigate how reduced NT5C2 function shapes behavior.ResultsIn Drosophila melanogaster, neuronal knockdown of the ortholog dNT5B increased activity around light-dark transitions, reduced sleep fragmentation, and selectively suppressed food intake under satiated conditions. Moreover, analysis of mouse phenotyping data revealed that whole-body Nt5c2 knockout alters locomotor activity, sensorimotor gating, and anxiety-related behaviors. Finally, human variant-trait associations showed reproducible enrichment in both metabolic domains, including body composition and BMI, and neuro-psychiatric outcomes such as schizophrenia, smoking, and anxiety.ConclusionsTogether, these phenotypic findings indicate that NT5C2 is a conserved neuro-metabolic regulator, linking energy-related pathways to specific behavioral dimensions that may underlie its pleiotropic impact on psychiatric and metabolic risk.