Center for Indonesian Veterinary Analytical Studies

This study examined the physicochemical properties and bioactive peptides of fermented cocoa beans from the Indonesian regions of West Java, Yogyakarta, East Java, and Bali. Samples were analyzed for fermentation index, pH, free amino acids, total phenolic content (TPC), fat, and protein content. After the fat and polyphenol were removed, the remaining material was separated according to its solubility. The molecular weights were then evaluated using SDS-PAGE. The ACE inhibitory activity was evaluated by the hippuryl-L-histidyl-leucine (HHL) assay, and the antioxidant activity was analyzed by the di-phenyl-picryl-hydrazine (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (DRSA) assay. All samples showed full fermentation (FI 1.0-1.6; pH 5.1-5.8) with various contents of TPC, fat, and protein. Free amino acid profiles from different regions were not significantly different. Identified protein fractions included albumin (21 kDa), globulin (31-45 kDa), prolamin (27 kDa), and glutelin (75-200 kDa). All fractions exhibited bioactivity, with albumin showing the strong antioxidant and ACE inhibitory effects. Albumin might act as an ACE inhibitory activity through competitive mechanisms, whereas other protein fractions might exert their effects through noncompetitive pathways. This study highlights the value of fermented cocoa for future product development.

Paddy cultivation contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the agricultural sector.The consistency of the biological option to reduce GHG emissions is utilizing methane-oxidizing bacteria in paddy cultivation.This study aimed to obtain methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) reduction by applying methane-oxidizing bacteria in soil incubation and the critical growth stages of paddy in paddy fields.The research was conducted at the greenhouse gas laboratory for soil incubation with four isolates (Amorphomonas oryzae (SI5), Ciceribacter sp.(OF4), Rhodanobacter rhizosphaerae (TH6), Bordetella petrii (BD4)), and combination bacterial consortium at the paddy field scale.The treatment consisted of applying bacterial consortium and organic matter at the field scale.The first factor: R0 = without bacterial application; R1 = SI5, OF4, BD4; R2 = SI5, TH6, OF4; R3 = SI5, BD4, Priestia aryabhattai.The second factor was organic matter addition; O0 = without manure and O1 = 2 t ha -1 farmyard manure.Applying four isolates had a positive effect in reducing N2O and CH4 concentrations in soil incubation.The SI5 reduced CH4 concentration by 22%, and BD4 showed a 22% N2O reduction during soil incubation.The bacterial consortium R3 was the best treatment to reduce total CH4 and N2O emissions at three critical growth stages of paddy and produced the highest total population of methanotrophs and denitrifying bacteria.Bacterial consortia are suggested as a potential strategy for promoting sustainable agriculture and environment.

The aim of this PkM activity is to explain to children from orphanages about the importance of improving English literacy in this era of globalization. Improving English literacy is the most important key in facing global challenges in this information era. With the development of technology and globalization, the ability to communicate in English is not just an additional skill, but has become an urgent need. Therefore, English language proficiency education is an important foundation for individuals to acquire the skills needed in various life situations.English has a very important role in improving literacy. In this case, we chose the target participants as children from Budi Mulia’s orphanage, so that awareness of the importance of literacy and mastery of foreign languages is embedded from an early age which will be useful in the future.

Coccidiosis poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, with synthetic antibiotics and disinfectants being the primary tools for control. This study investigated the potential of Piper betle L essential oil (PBEO) as a natural alternative against Eimeria tenella, one of the most pathogenic Eimeria species affecting poultry. Our findings revealed that PBEO exhibits significant anticoccidial effects through two primary mechanisms: (i) oocysticidal activity by disintegrating oocyst walls and (ii) inhibition of the sporulation process. PBEO demonstrated oocysticidal activities ranging from 8.67 to 95.33% across concentrations from 0.04 to 40%. Notably, at 72 h post-incubation, a 0.04% PBEO concentration significantly reduced the number of sporulated oocysts (P ≤ 0.05) to 71.67%, showing effects comparable to those of formalin. PBEO reduced 50% of oocyst sporulation (IC50) in the concentration of 1.31% at 72 h. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified the primary constituents of PBEO, including eugenol, beta-caryophyllene, and other key compounds, collectively constituting 96% of the oil. This research underscores the potential of PBEO as a natural anticoccidial agent and lays the groundwork for further studies aimed at identifying, isolating, and developing active compounds that may specifically target the sporogony process in coccidian parasites.

Background: Rats are an important reservoir animal for several zoonotic pathogens worldwide, including hantaviruses and Leptospira spp., which are the causative agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, and leptospirosis. Although a previous study indicated a high frequency of antihantaviral antibodies in patients with acute fever in Indonesia, circulating hantaviruses and their reservoir animals in the country remain limited. Materials and Methods: The presence of hantavirus in rats captured in the urban area of Bogor, Indonesia, from which Leptospira spp. were isolated using PCR, followed by DNA sequencing. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to detect hantaviral and leptospiral antigens in rat kidney tissues. Results: Seoul of Orthohantavirus seoulense (SEOV) RNA was detected from 24 of 80 Rattus norvegicus (30%). SEOV and Leptospira coinfection was detected in 10 of 80 rats (12.5%). Immunohistochemistry revealed that hantavirus antigens were positively stained in the interstitial capillaries and cells, whereas Leptospira antigens were stained in the luminal side of the renal tubules. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of SEOV and SEOV and Leptospira coinfection among rats in the urban areas of Bogor, Indonesia, indicating a potential risk of rat-borne zoonotic diseases in the area.

Rice straw, a widely available agricultural byproduct globally, has significant potential as a basal diet for livestock. The major challenge lies in obtaining high-protein foliage that can be easily extracted using natural water rather than chemical solvents. This study aimed to assess the ability of distilled water to extract protein concentrate from Indigofera leaves (Indigofera zollingeriana Miq.) and to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing rumen feed fermentation and digestibility in low-quality rice straw basal diets. The study was conducted in two experimental series. Experiment 1 was designed to explore the ability of distilled water to extract protein concentrate from fresh and dry Indigofera leaves by comparing it with the 0.1 N NaOH standard solvent. Experiment 2 focused on the in vitro digestibility of protein concentrates extracted from fresh Indigofera leaves based on optimal findings from experiment 1. Five treatments consisting of 0.5% and 1.0% protein concentrate and two extractants (distilled water and 0.1 N NaOH) were used to extract protein from Indigofera leaves. These extracts were then added to rice straw-based diets. Rice straw without supplements was used as a control. The treatments were arranged using a randomized complete design with five replicates. The results of experiment 1 showed that distilled water was superior to 0.1 N NaOH for extracting protein concentrate from fresh Indigofera leaves, as revealed by higher dry matter, protein yield, total amino acids (AA), and total essential AA (EAA) production. For in vitro experiment 2, supplementation with distilled water-extracted protein concentrates successfully increased rumen fermentation and digestibility in rice straw basal diets, as indicated by higher gas production, total volatile fatty acid, and microbial protein levels compared with 0.1 N NaOH. Findings from this study confirm that Indigofera leaf protein concentrate offers a new alternative for enhancing rumen feed fermentation and the digestibility of low-quality rice straw diets. This study implies that it is an easy, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly approach, particularly beneficial for smallholders, to extract protein concentrate from fresh Indigofera leaves using distilled water and use it to enhance the quality of rice straw for ruminant feed. The limitation of this study is that the Indigofera supplement was established using in vitro digestibility under controlled laboratory conditions, which does not reflect real rumen conditions. Therefore, further studies using in vivo digestibility in ruminant animals are required to confirm the ability of the protein extracted from indigofera to enhance rumen feed fermentation in low-protein basal diets.

Pranata lokal di Kawasan karst Rammang-Rammang Maros mampu mempertahankan mekanisme budaya dalam sistem adaptif berbasis edukasi konservasi dan program kampung iklim terhadap perubahan iklim. Perubahan iklim merupakan permasalahan yang nyata di Kawasan karst Rammang-Rammang, Maros. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan setiap bagian dari masyarakat dalam pranata lokal Indonesia telah mewariskan pengetahuan dan kearifan tanpa pendidikan formal yang terbukti secara jenius mampu meminimilasir kerusakan lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh meningkatnya aktivitas dan jumlah kebutuhan manusia. Namun, kerapkali konlik sumberdaya dan ketidakharmonisan karena pengaruh dari luar membuat pengetahuan dalam adaptasi yang telah terinternalisasi dalam kearifan lokal sebagai mekanisme kadang dikesampingkan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan telaah dokumen. Analisis data mencakup beberapa tahapan yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kearifan lokal masyarakat yang diewajantahkan oleh pranata sosial melalui adaptasi budaya dan ekologis masyarakat mengelola lingkungan alam di ekosistem karst dapat memperkuat jangka panjang equilibrium terhadap perubahan iklim ditingkat mikro. Kapasitas untuk memperkuat equilibrium ini adalah dengan mengintegrasikan sistem pengetahuan konservasi tradisional (non formal), menerapkan mekanisme pelestarian lingkungan dengan berbasis edukasi kampung iklim (informal) dengan pengetahuan berbasis sains (formal) dalam wujud sosial kehidupan sehari-hari, integrasi dukungan saintis, integrasi ilmiah dari luar meningkatkan penjagaan alam sebagai spirit oleh peran serta masyarakat kepada lingkungan lokal bahkan global untuk mereduksi kerentanan yang beresiko tinggi..

Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Daerah yang tepat dalam pembelajaran daring menjadi perhatian utama di dunia akademik. Penggunaan bahasa Indonesia dapat memfasilitasi komunikasi efektif antara pendidik dan peserta didik dari latar belakang budaya dan bahasa daerah yang beragam. Sedangkan penggunaan Bahasa Daerah dapat membantu peserta didik memahami materi lebih baik, terutama bagi mereka yang lebih familiar dengan bahasa tersebut. Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia FKIP Universitas Pattimura dalam menggunakan kedua bahasa tersebut secara seimbang dan sesuai konteks. Kegiatan pelatihan daring diadakan pada tanggal 8 Desember 2023 dengan melibatkan 47 peserta. Materi pelatihan mencakup pemahaman fungsi dan posisi Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Daerah, etika dan norma-norma penggunaan bahasa dalam pembelajaran daring, serta strategi dan praktek komunikasi efektif dengan menggunakan kedua bahasa. Metode pengajaran yang digunakan adalah ceramah, diskusi, studi kasus, dan praktik yang melibatkan narasumber yang ahli dalam bidang kebahasaan. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui kuesioner, observasi, dan umpan balik dari peserta. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan ini berhasil mencapai target indikator keberhasilan, yaitu minimal 80% peserta mengalami peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan dalam menggunakan kedua bahasa secara tepat. Para peserta merasa pelatihan ini meningkatkan rasa percaya diri mereka dalam menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Daerah. Selain itu, peserta merasa lebih yakin dalam menggunakan kedua bahasa dalam berbagai situasi pembelajaran daring dan kemampuan komunikasi mereka dalam kedua bahasa juga meningkat. Disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan berkelanjutan dengan melibatkan narasumber yang berkompeten dan pembaruan materi diperlukan untuk memastikan peningkatan keterampilan berbahasa yang berkelanjutan di lingkungan akademik.