Center for Inquiry

Long-term, high-fidelity simulation of slow-changing physical systems, such as the ocean and climate, presents a fundamental challenge in scientific computing. Traditional autoregressive machine learning models often fail in these tasks as minor errors accumulate and lead to rapid forecast degradation. To address this problem, we propose NeuralOM, a general neural operator framework designed for simulating complex, slow-changing dynamics. NeuralOM's core consists of two key innovations: (1) a Progressive Residual Correction Framework that decomposes the forecasting task into a series of fine-grained refinement steps, effectively suppressing long-term error accumulation; and (2) a Physics-Guided Graph Network whose built-in adaptive messaging mechanism explicitly models multi-scale physical interactions, such as gradient-driven flows and multiplicative couplings, thereby enhancing physical consistency while maintaining computational efficiency. We validate NeuralOM on the challenging task of global Subseasonal-to-Seasonal (S2S) ocean simulation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that NeuralOM not only surpasses state-of-the-art models in forecast accuracy and long-term stability, but also excels in simulating extreme events. For instance, at a 60-day lead time, NeuralOM achieves a 13.3% lower RMSE compared to the best-performing baseline, offering a stable, efficient, and physically-aware paradigm for data-driven scientific computing.

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There are two versions of T. S. Eliot’s second complete volume of poems: the US edition, Poems (1920), and the UK edition, Ara Vos Prec (The Ovid Press). While Ezra Pound arranged the poems of the American Poems (1920), Eliot himself determined the sequence of poems for Ara Vos Prec. This paper examines the history and the material form of Ara Vos Prec in order to understand how Eliot, while not under the influence of Pound, read his own poetry in 1920, and how he envisioned and guided his different audiences — public and coterie — in reading it.

Food insecurity is a grave issue faced by millions of people across the globe and is growing in severity as a result of climate-related stressors on agricultural systems. Mushroom production, an agricultural approach that is profitable and scalable due to its low input requirements, short turnaround times, year-round viability, and utilization of agricultural byproducts, holds significant potential in contributing to food security. However, commercial mushroom production is difficult to pursue in low-resource settings due to a lack of capital and unreliable electricity access. After four years of research and experimentation in rural Sierra Leone, our team has developed a low-cost, low-tech, and reliable approach for commercial mushroom production. This article presents our highly modular process for spawn propagation, substrate pasteurization, inoculation, and harvest that allows entrepreneurs to build profitable and scalable production facilities. This standardized approach consistently yields 50% of the mass of inputted cereal straw substrate in fresh mushrooms 28 days after inoculation, which indicates its promise as a cost-effective and reliable method for contributing to food security in Sierra Leone and similar low-resource settings.

The increasing severity of global plastic waste crisis calls for the need to investigate the feasibility of alternate recycling approaches, particularly in low and middle-income countries such as the Philippines where people's livelihoods are reliant on affordable single-use goods. Low recycling rates in these countries illustrate the inability of their recycling infrastructure to handle the rate at which plastic waste is being generated. A new approach to recycling plastics, specifically community-scale plastic recycling facilities, has the potential to divert significant plastic waste from landfills and repurpose them into higher-value products that would be sold to boost the local economy. The community-scale approach investigated in this study is an attractive investment opportunity for entrepreneurs due to the short-term Return On Investment (ROI) with the potential return rate of 15.3% in one year, which is nearly double the rate a person would receive upon investing in the Philippines stock market. This study examines the economic feasibility of a community-scale recycling system in the setting of the Philippines with a focus on the manufacturing process and the scale of machinery.

Abstract This chapter calls into question the celebratory use of certain adjectives typically applied to sound: ephemeral, immersive, remote, ineffable. Instead, these descriptions are attached to their less celebratory applications in the workings of neoliberalism: in contemporary warfare, the ubiquity of debt, and the unfettered movement of capital (but not peoples) known as ‘globalism’. We might refer to these qualities of neoliberalism as ‘acousmatic’, thereby connecting sound practice to the clandestine operations of contemporary economic logic and logistics. Examining sound works by the artists Samson Young and Matthieu Saladin, sound’s relationship to these adjectives is reimagined, not as a confirmation of sound’s privileges, but as a passage to a critical position.

Deficiencies of micronutrients including iron, vitamin A, iodine, and zinc deficiencies are a widespread problem in resource-constrained countries, particularly among pregnant and nursing mothers and children under five. Studies addressing this problem often focus on one step of the food value chain, such as the production or metabolism aspect of the intake of micronutrients. This article holistically examines the food value chain through a case study in Makeni, Sierra Leone with the objective of describing the potential loss of micronutrients at various stages in the food value chain. This article aims to describe a potential method for root cause analysis for micronutrient deficiencies to researchers and practitioners alike. Through examinations of case studies and data collected from over 180 interviews conducted in Sierra Leone, we show that current policies and practices in sectors like healthcare, education, and indigenous methods of food preparation cause ripple effects that increase the negative health, societal, and economic consequences of widespread micronutrient deficiencies among mothers and young children.

The broad issues of access, stability, availability, and utilization of food are deeply affected by individuals' socioeconomic decisions at the household level. This article synthesizes 100 interviews with rural and urban residents, farmers, and food vendors in rural central Sierra Leone to provide a detailed picture of their food security situation at a household level. These interviews provide specific information about daily meal contents and preparation, differences between urban and rural settings, and popular dishes. Additional insights include market interaction, barriers to participation, food purchasing behaviors, and seasonal variations. Respondents also explained their primary sources of nutrition education and their perceptions surrounding this knowledge. The authors synthesize these insights into discussions on four dimensions of food security: access; stability; availability; and utilization. Based on these findings, the authors present several potential leverage points for technology innovation. The first focuses on transportation and infrastructure along with shortening of supply chains and increased market access. The second is a concentration of national and community efforts on practical nutrition education and specific food preparation alternatives. Finally, the authors suggest that more efficient, appropriate cultivation technologies such as low-cost greenhouses could help Sierra Leone address challenges across all four dimensions of food security.