Central College

Suicide remains a pressing public health concern, with psychological and socio-demographic factors playing a critical role in its occurrence. In Bangladesh, where mental health resources are limited, understanding the profiles of completed suicide victims is essential for targeted prevention strategies. Despite increasing suicide rates, comprehensive local data on victim characteristics remain scarce. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2023 to June 2024, to analyze the psychological attributes and socio-demographic profiles of completed suicide victims in Dhaka. Using purposive sampling, 137 completed suicide cases were analyzed based on autopsy reports, medical records, and family interviews. Our study that young adults aged 20-35 years accounted for 45% of cases, with males (58%) outnumbering females. Unmarried individuals (52%), the unemployed (35%), and low-income groups (60%) showed highest vulnerability. Psychological autopsies identified depression (40%), family conflicts (30%), and financial stress (25%) as predominant triggers. Hanging (50%) and pesticide poisoning (30%) emerged as the most frequent methods, reflecting the means of accessibility. A significant seasonal pattern (p=0.021) showed peak incidence during monsoon months (40%). This study identified that young, economically disadvantaged males with mental health concerns as Bangladesh's highest-risk suicide group. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted prevention strategies combining mental healthcare, poverty alleviation, and means restriction to address this growing public health crisis. CBMJ 2026 January: vol. 15 no. 01 P:84-88

Homicide represents a critical public health and legal challenge in Bangladesh, claiming numerous lives and reflecting underlying social tensions. A precise understanding of its patterns is crucial for informing violence prevention strategies and guiding effective policy and policing interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology of Cumilla Medical College, Cumilla, Bangladesh, between July 2024 and June 2025, to assess the patterns of homicidal deaths based on autopsy findings. We analyzed 197 purposively selected homicide cases from autopsy procedures. Data was analyzed using MS-Excel to generate descriptive statistics on victim demographics and injury patterns. Our data revealed that young males (75.6%), particularly in 21–40 years age group (62.4%) were the most common victims. Sharp weapon injuries were the predominant cause of death (47.2%), followed by firearms (24.4%). Most incidents occurred outdoors (51.8%) during night hours (39.6%) and were motivated by interpersonal disputes (41.1%). No significant association was found between the victim's age and the cause of death (p=0.961). To conclude, young males are the primary victims of homicide, predominantly from sharp weapon injuries in interpersonal disputes. Targeted interventions, including stricter weapon regulation and community conflict resolution programs, are urgently recommended to mitigate this public health burden. CBMJ 2026 January: vol. 15 no. 01 P:121-126

Cloacal malformation is a rare condition that usually referred only to females. We are reporting a very rare case of cloacal malformation variant in a 6-years-old boy who presented with absent anal opening along with hypospadiac penis with chordee with passage of urine and stool from an abnormal opening in the penoscrotal region. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2022) Vol. 13 (1 & 2): 52-53

Background: Patellar fractures are relatively uncommon, accounting for about 1% of all skeletal injuries and transverse fracture pattern is the most common pattern. Early and appropriate management is essential to restore knee function and minimize long-term complications. This study aimed to describe the profile of patients with closed transverse patellar fractures managed in a tertiary level teaching hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: The prospective study of 20 closed transverse patellar fracture cases was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics of Chittagong Medical College Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. Patients were managed by open reduction and internal fixation with Tension Band Wiring (TBW) using parallel Cannulated compression screws. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.91 ±12.01 years, ranging from 19 to 60 years. Most (80%) of the patients were male and farming was the predominant occupation (30%). Thirteen patients (65%) presented with right-sided fractures and the majority of the injuries were caused by either motor-vehicle accidents (45%) or accidental falls (45%). After six months of injury, 15 (75%) and 5 (25%) patients had full extension and 120 degree and 90-120 degree Range of Motion (ROM) respectively. The main complication was knee stiffness, observed in 10% of patients. Conclusion: Transverse patellar fractures are most commonly seen in young adult males and result from direct trauma to the knee. Six-month outcomes were favourable with appropriate management. JCMCTA 2025 ; 36 (1) : 10-13

Background: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) commonly known as tennis elbow, is a degenerative condition affecting the myotendinous junction of the wrist extensors at the lateral epicondyle, predominantly causing pain and reduced function in the affected arm. It is commonly seen in individuals over 45 years old who engage in high-risk activities involving repetitive wrist extension. Conservative management is the mainstay of treatment, but dry needling (DN) is a newer technique with limited evidence in treating LE. Methods: This study involved patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Participants were divided into two groups: one receiving dry needling combined with conservative management, and the other receiving conservative management alone. Pain and functional outcomes were measured using the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months post-treatment. Results: A total of 60 patients with lateral epicondylitis were enrolled and randomized into two groups: Group A (n=30) received dry needling in addition to conservative management (oral acetaminophen, exercises, and elbow counterforce brace), while Group B (n=30) received conservative management only. After accounting for losses to follow-up, 28 patients in Group A and 27 in Group B completed the 3-month follow-up. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between the groups (p>0.05). At 1 and 3 months, Group A showed significantly greater improvements in PRTEE pain, functional, and total scores compared to Group B (p<0.001). VAS scores also demonstrated significantly greater pain reduction in Group A at both follow-ups (p<0.001). Group A maintained progressive improvement over time, whereas Group B exhibited initial improvement at 1 month followed by regression toward baseline at 3 months. These findings suggest that dry needling, when combined with standard conservative treatment, offers superior and sustained clinical benefits in managing lateral epicondylitis. Conclusion: Dry needling, when combined with conservative management, appears to be an effective treatment for lateral epicondylitis, offering sustained improvements in pain and function. This technique could be a valuable adjunct to traditional treatments, although further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings. Central Medical College Journal Vol 9 No 1 January 2025 Page: 23-30

The information of accurate forecasting on temperature, rainfall is also very crucial for disaster preparedness, as well for climate management. Typical statistical and machine learning approaches have limited ability to capture nonlinear and spatiotemporally varying structure of climate fields. This research utilized recent state-of-the-art deep learning models to improve the prediction models for both temperature and rainfall. The hybrid Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory (CNN–LSTM) method achieved the best results (R² = 0.98 for temperature, 0.91 for rainfall), outperforming those of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Random Forest (RF) as a traditional model. The Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) model delivered physically consistent and stable predictions, especially under extreme weather such as heavy rainfall or heatwaves. Relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and sea surface temperature were found as most important predictors-base on feature importance analysis. The regional analysis remained that the coastal region performed best, whereas the hilly region with the high topographical complexity presented a relatively lower accuracy. In general, embedding deep learning into physical constraints ended up improving a lot both correctness and robustness of predictions. Further work should be carried out to improve interpretability, inclusiveness of data and transferability in space of such models with the ambition to build a more sustainable real-time weather forecasting system.

BackgroundExcessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a consequence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) that increases the risk for atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. Here, we sought to determine whether and how mitochondrial dysfunction in T2D drives VSMC proliferation with a focus on increased reactive oxygen species and intracellular [Ca2+] that both drive cell proliferation, occur in T2D, and are regulated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU).MethodsUsing a mouse model of T2D, we performed in vivo phenotyping after mechanical injury and established the mechanisms of excessive proliferation in cultured VSMCs. The T2D model was induced by high‐fat diet and low‐dose streptozotocin in both wild type mice and mice with the VSMC‐specific inhibition of the mtCaMKII (mitochondrial Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase IImtCaMKII), a regulator of Ca2+ entry via the MCU.ResultsIn VSMCs from T2D model mice, MCU inhibition reduced both in vivo neointima formation after mechanical injury, as well as in vitro proliferation of cultured VSMCs. Further, in VSMCs from T2D mice, the composition of the MCU complex and MCU activity were altered with loss of MICU1 (mitochondrial calcium uptake 1). In addition, VSMC mitochondrial reactive oxygen species was elevated and mitochondrial respiration blunted. The increase in cytosolic reactive oxygen species induced activation of G6PD (glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase), a key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. However, inhibiting MCU or MICU1 overexpression on VSMCs from T2D mice decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species, preserved mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, decreased activity of G6PD, and normalized cell proliferation. These data suggest the MCU complex controls a T2D‐induced metabolic switch that promotes cell proliferation.ConclusionsCollectively, these data indicate that MCU complex remodeling in T2D drives neointimal restenosis, suggesting MCU as a therapeutic target.

Over the past 30 years, researchers in the United States have investigated teachers’ mathematical knowledge and its interaction with their instructional practices. This research has produced a significant body of literature related to teachers’ Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT). A review of this body of literature revealed diversity in the ontological perspectives and research priorities, highlighting constructs such as MKT, Mathematical Meanings for Teaching (MMT), and Key Pedagogical Understandings (KPUs). This analysis provides a comprehensive overview of these constructs, detailing their definitions, applications, and interrelationships. By clarifying these concepts, the report aims to consolidate understanding and inform future research and practice in mathematics education.

Background: Appendicitis remains one of the most common surgical conditions in children, with surgical appendectomy being the standard treatment. However, the complications from surgery prompt interest in nonoperative management and accurate diagnostic methods. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the role of ultrasonography in differentiating simple from complicated appendicitis in children, improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing unnecessary surgery. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Paediatric Surgery Department, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, from January 2021 to June 2022. The study involved 100 children diagnosed with acute appendicitis via ultrasound. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. The clinical data, ultrasonographic findings, and histopathological results were collected, and diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Results: Out of 100 patients, 68% were diagnosed with simple appendicitis and 32% with complicated appendicitis by ultrasonography. Histopathological analysis confirmed 42% simple and 58% complicated cases. The mean age was 10.14 ± 4.66 years. The sensitivity of ultrasonography in identifying complicated appendicitis was 44.83%, while its specificity was 85.71%. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 81.25%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 52.94%. Statistical analysis revealed a p-value of 0.001, indicating significant differences between the groups. Standard deviation for age was calculated as 4.66, reflecting a spread in patient age distribution. Conclusion: Ultrasonography, though useful, should not be relied upon alone to differentiate between simple and complicated appendicitis. A combination of clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings is essential for optimal diagnosis.

Background: The kidneys are one of the vital organs of our body. The kidney contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis by a complex process that involves filtration, active absorption, passive absorption, secretion and the end result is the production of urine. Gentamicin induced acute renal failure is one of the kidney diseases which is very common not only in our country, also in worldwide. Gentamicin is the aminoglycoside of first choice because of its low cost and its reliable activity against all but the most resistant gram-negative aerobes. The fish oil is composed of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid & many more, may be one or more of these compounds has got nephro-protective action. This study may ensure the clinicians about safe use of gentamicin among those patients who are resistant to other antibiotics. Objective: To identify the histomorphological changes in the kidney in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity of the Long Evans rats and beneficial effect of fish oil against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Methodology: The study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College (DMC), Dhaka, during the period from February 2005 to January 2006. The experiment was carried out on 40 healthy Long Evans rats. The rats were divided into six groups as Group: A, Group: B, Group: C and Group: D. Each group comprised of 10 (Ten) rats from either sex and was randomly selected. Results: In the present study showed that in normal saline control group of rats all the proximal tubules were normal but most of the proximal tubules showed necrotic changes that is about 77.67% of the tubules were necrotic in gentamicin treated nephrotoxic rats. It was also found that the fish oil treated groups showed less severe form of injury. Conclusion: Histologically kidney of experimental control group (gentamicin treated rats) showed proximal tubular necrosis. In the present study the fish oil showed the partial protection against the nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin administered during the last 6 days of treatment with fish oil and by ameliorating the histopathological damage. Central Medical College Journal Vol 8 No 1 January 2024 Page: 12-16