Central Economics and Mathematics Institute

Subject. The reasons that led large companies to insolvency. Objectives. To identify the factors that led large companies to insolvency. Methods. For the study, we used descriptive, comparative, analytical, and comparative methods. Results. The main reasons that led large foreign and Russian companies to insolvency are shown. It has been established that the company's use of a deliberately false development strategy, despite the fact that it contributes to its fictitious growth to the level of a large company, ultimately leads to its insolvency. The factors that led large companies to a negative result of their activities, namely, insolvency, have been identified. Conclusions. Despite all the differences, the reasons for the insolvency of large companies are the same both in Russia and abroad. A special feature for Russian large companies is their dependence on the external and internal political and economic situation.

The article focuses on the development of an approach for assessing the state of the National security of the Russian Federation at the regional level taking into account socio-economic and political characteristics of the regions. The authors proposed a multifactorial model based on the analysis of 148 indicators groped into five blocks. The approach provides for data normalization, calculation of the activity participation variables using a modified principal component analysis and formation group and block indexes to compile them into the integrated index of the state of the National security of the Russian Federation. Above methodology, provide to compare regions, to detect strengths and weaknesses of the regional progress and to track changes dynamics. Using the example of the regions of the Central Federal District, the application of the model to decision-making support is demonstrated. The key strengths and weaknesses of the regions are detected. The paper may be useful to the public authorities as long as it suggests the tool for monitoring, analysis, forecasting and targeting the state of the National security and socio-economic and political condition of the region. The approach is rule out subjectivity due to mathematical calculation the of the activity participation variables and can be apply to the other Federal Districts.

The study is devoted to solving the critical problem of ensuring food security in the national security architecture in the context of global instability and sanctions pressure. The aim of the work is to formalize the management of uncertainties and collisions in the logistics chains of agricultural supplies. The article proposes a new methodology based on a hybrid approach integrating hierarchical analysis (from nano- to meta-level) with dynamic modeling of processes of a multi-agent system. It includes agents operating on the basis of precedent knowledge and collision resolution rules for automatic detection and resolution of conflicts in logistics operations of agricultural supplies. The proposed integrated system-process approach includes analysis of the consumption structure and calculation of the current subsistence minimum. Testing of the developed tools confirmed the high accuracy of collision recognition and their automatic resolution, as well as savings in logistics costs. The obtained results can be used to create intelligent systems to support management decisions that increase the resilience of the food system to external shocks through the rapid reconfiguration of supply chains and a realistic assessment of household vulnerability in the face of sanctions pressure.

The article examines the main structural problems associated with the technological dependence of the information and communications sector (hereinafter referred to as the ICT sector) of Russia in under the conditions of sanctions pressure. An analysis is conducted of achieving a balance between the tasks of effective use of modern digital technologies and ensuring technological sovereignty. Through the prism of the concept of multipolar corporate management, changes in the organizational subsystems of ICT companies are examined and new competencies that modern leaders must possess are assessed. Finally, the structure of state support for the ICT sector is examined. A conclusion was made about the need for more precise synchronization and adaptation of measures of state support for domestic electronics, taking into account the identified trends and changes in the corporate management system.

This article is devoted to the issues of digital transformation of financial markets and its impact on the stability of economic systems. In the context of rapid progress in technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain and big data analysis, financial markets are facing new challenges and opportunities. The study emphasizes that digitalization helps to strengthen financial stability and improve the efficiency of customer service. At the same time, the problems of cybersecurity and information protection are analyzed. The objectives of this study are to analyze the impact of digital transformation mechanisms on the stability of financial markets, as well as to identify new opportunities and threats arising from the introduction of digital technologies. The following objectives are set within the framework of this study: to assess the impact of digital technologies on financial transactions and financial stability processes; to study cybersecurity issues in ensuring the stability of financial markets; to analyze changes in consumer preferences and their impact on the business models of financial institutions. The research methodology is based on the application of structural-dynamic analysis and statistical methods. The results of the research can be used to develop digitalization strategies and create more flexible and adaptive financial systems that promote sustainable economic development, improve cybersecurity and information protection. The limitations of the research are related to rapid changes in technology and insufficient availability of data on cyber threats and their impact on financial markets.

Subject. This article discusses the specific conditions for the development of mono-cities in the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District. Objectives. The article aims to assess the overall demographic situation in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and identify the factors influencing the population size of the single-industry town Udachny. Methods. For the study, we used multivariate regression modeling and the extrapolation method. Results. The article provides data on the population size in the mono-cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), describes the factors affecting changes in population size, and presents a forecast of the trends of this indicator until 2030. Relevance. The results obtained can be used to develop a comprehensive programme for improving the demographic situation in mono-cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Progressive economic growth of the national military-industrial complex requires off-budget financial revenues derived from the market realisation of dual-use technical products that can be used in both military and civilian spheres. A complex consistent toolkit has been developed for complex expert assessment of the possibility of commercialisation of this type of articles based on their classification and clustering as well as evaluation of their technical potential. The developed expert toolkit can be used by enterprises producing defence and civilian products and will significantly increase the profitability and productivity of military-industrial complex enterprises. Для поступательного экономического роста отечественного оборонно-промышленного комплекса необходимы внебюджетные финансовые поступления, получаемые от рыночной реализации технической продукции двойного назначения, которая может быть использована как в военной, так и в гражданской сферах. Разработан комплексный непротиворечивый инструментарий для комплексной экспертной оценки возможности коммерциализации данного вида изделий на основе их классификации и кластеризации, а также оценки их технического потенциала. Разработанный экспертный инструментарий может быть использован предприятиями, выпускающими продукцию оборонного и гражданского назначения. Он позволит существенно повысить рентабельность и производительность предприятий оборонно-промышленного комплекса.

The reversal of the trend towards the decline in income inequality in the last four decades in most countries has created favorable grounds for the rise of nationalist and anti-globalization sentiments. Economic failures of countries, groups of people and individuals are among important factors that cause nationalism. The rise of nationalism in many countries in recent decades, as measured by the decline in the “pride in your own country” indicator from the World Values Survey, is statistically significantly related to the change in income inequality (Gini coefficient) within the country. When globalization is properly managed, it is good for growth and income distribution and does not lead to nationalism. But if it is accompanied by the decline in real incomes for large masses of people, nationalist political forces have additional arguments for instigating anti-globalization and isolationist sentiments. The rise in income inequality within major countries since the 1980s poses a threat not only to social stability, but also to globalization.

In the conditions of global transformation, the task of developing algorithms that automate the development of structural stability schemes and build a comprehensive system for leveling dysfunctions of socio-technical systems of human capital reproduction in the mining and metallurgical industry is relevant. Differential equations of system dynamics provide high solving power for studying applied problems of analyzing the stability of socio-technical systems of human capital reproduction in the mining and metallurgical industry. The complexity of modern sociotechnical systems is the reason for the high dimensionality of their economic and mathematical models of sustainability, which requires the use of software. We have developed mathematical and software for the structural scheme of stability, as well as algorithms for identifying sequential and parallel factors of stability of the sociotechnical system of human capital reproduction in the mining and metallurgical industry. The software implementation provides visualization of structural schemes of stability, as well as automated formulation of conditions for the absence of dysfunctions of the socio- technical system of human capital reproduction on the basis of the system- dynamic approach.