Central Glass (Japan)

The generation of heteroatom-substituted C1 carbenoids is highly challenging due to their extreme instability and electronic perturbations. We report the reductive lithiation of organosulfur chloromethyl precursors using lithium naphthalenide (LiNp) under flow microreactor conditions. This method enables the flash generation of sulfur-containing lithium carbenoids, which were efficiently trapped with a wide range of electrophiles to afford functionalized organosulfur compounds. Spatially resolved optimization revealed that reaction efficiency critically depends on millisecond-scale residence times and temperature control, allowing selective generation while suppressing decomposition. The protocol tolerated diverse electrophiles, including carbonyls, isocyanates, and organometalloids, and subsequent selective deprotection of sulfur substituents further expanded synthetic utility. Comparative studies demonstrated the unique reactivity of sulfur versus oxygen or nitrogen analogues, highlighting the distinctive redox properties of organosulfur substituents.

Abstract Tm3+/Tb3+ co-doped TeO2-GeO2-Bi2O3-BaF2 glasses were synthesized via high-temperature melt-quenching to achieve blue-green fluorescence emission. Under 808 nm pump excitation, the TGBB2 sample (Tm2O3:Tb4O7 = 3:8) exhibited balanced emissions at 452 nm (blue, Tm3+: 1G4→3H6) and 544 nm (green, Tb3+: 5D4→7F5). With increasing Tb3+ concentration, green emission intensity increased while blue emission decreased, confirming efficient Tm3+→Tb3+ energy transfer. Key performance metrics for TGBB2 included: a forward energy transfer coefficient of 571.83×10-40 cm6/s (far exceeding the reverse coefficient of 63.12×10-40 cm6/s), an energy transfer efficiency of 99.5%, maximum emission cross-sections of 5.87×10-21 cm2 (476 nm, Tm3+) and 3.37×10-21 cm2 (486 nm, Tb3+), and corresponding gain coefficients of 2.98 cm-1 and 0.46 cm-1. These results validate the glass’s low laser threshold, making Tm3+/Tb3+ co-doped tellurite-germanate-bismuthate glass a promising candidate for blue-green laser communication and underwater optical transmission.

Bluish glass was successfully prepared by mixing oxides and carbon as a reductant into the starting materials, whereas the addition of only α-Fe2O3 into the glass raw materials provided greenish glass. The chemical state of the iron ions in the glass was likely modified from Fe3+ to Fe2+ by the reducing atmosphere caused by carbon during the heating process. Mössbauer spectra and spectrophotometric measurements indicated that the bluish glass contained a high proportion of Fe2+ (67.4%) and mainly absorbed visible light with wavelengths longer than 500 nm.

To achieve carbon neutrality and establish a circular economy, glass manufacturers must significantly reduce CO2 emissions and waste. This includes addressing CO2 emissions that do not originate from energy production, such as those from carbonates like CaCO3 and Na2CO3. CaCO3, commonly used in industrial processes, is also a major component of shells and eggshells. These waste shells represent an underutilized resource that can contribute to carbon neutrality by reducing CO2 emissions. In this study, soda-lime-silicate glass was manufactured by substituting waste shells for limestone, a traditional raw material in glass production. The findings confirmed that pearl shells, black pearl shells, white pearl shells, scallops, and oysters could effectively replace limestone in soda-lime-silicate glass manufacturing. This suggests that incorporating discarded shells as raw materials in glass production has the potential to reduce waste and lower CO2 emissions. Additionally, it was observed that the type of waste shell and applied heat treatment influenced the color, homogeneity, and foaming properties of the resulting glass.

The increase in interest of mining at seamounts means there is a critical need to establish baseline inventories through environmental survey, with the aim of promoting the conservation and stewardship of these remote habitats. To efficiently evaluate fish biodiversity around a seamount, we compared environmental DNA (eDNA) methods using seawater and sponge samples against methods using imagery obtained with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and a free-fall deep-sea camera lander called the Edokko Mark I on the Takuyo-Daigo Seamount (153.0°E, 23.5°N) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. We detected a total of 18 fish families by these methods. The fish fauna detected on the seamount included many families commonly found in deep-sea areas and were similar to the fish fauna of other seamounts located at similar latitudes in the northwestern Pacific. Significant differences in the patterns of detection of fish families between the eDNA and imaging methods is attributed to the differing powers of detection of some fish groups between methods (related to primer compatibility and fish size). For deep-sea fish, the difference in fish composition at the family level between seawater and sponge eDNA methods was not significant, but the difference between Edokko Mark I and ROV methods was significant; the latter difference is likely due to whether or not bait is used to attract fish. Although the eDNA workflow implemented here requires improvements, the use of eDNA and imaging methods in combination provided better insight into the biodiversity of deep-sea fishes in the deep-sea around a seamount, where our knowledge of the fish fauna has been extremely limited. Our recovery of eDNA from seawater and sponge samples around the seamount demonstrates the potential of these methods for facilitating environmental baseline surveys and impact assessments of mining activities to obtain results not previously possible with the use of visual methods only.

Abstract In this work, a novel series of oxyfluoride glasses‐ceramics (GCs) is developed by enhancing the phase separation through the substitution of LaF3 for La2O3. The thus‐derived GCs exhibit a remarkable 2700‐fold increase in up‐conversion (UC) luminescence of Er3+ ions compared to the precursor glass. From the 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis, this enhancement is attributed to the structural disorder‐to‐order transition in the fluoride‐rich phase. Upon isothermal heat treatment, the translucent GCs transform into transparent ones, making UC luminescence even stronger. The enhanced UC luminescence leads to strong temperature‐sensing ability of the studied glasses. The nano‐micro phase separation is clarified by atomistic simulations and scanning electron microscopy. This study implies that phase separation engineering is a powerful way to achieve superior photonic performances.

Abstract Highly volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with boiling points (bp) around or below room temperature are generally difficult to manipulate precisely in liquid-phase organic reactions although they offer significant atom-economic advantages. We have developed a novel approach using a jacketed syringe pump to enable the formylation of organolithium species in a continuous-flow system under ambient pressure. Methyl formate (bp 32 °C) worked as a formylating agent and was successfully delivered to the continuous operation for over 30 minutes in our microflow system. This methodology was successfully expanded to the application of acetaldehyde (bp 21 °C) and heptafluoropropyl bromide (bp 12 °C).

Yellow laser systems have been studied extensively for many applications such as acne treatment and scientific research. Especially in the medical field, yellow lasers have been used for the treatment of telangiectasia and other diseases [1]. The improvement in the output power of blue laser diode (LD) has led to increased research on visible fiber lasers [2]. It has been reported that LD-pumped multimode single-core <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{Dy}^{3+}$</tex> -doped fibers were used to produce yellow lasers [2], [3]. Single-mode double-clad structured fibers will give us to make yellow fiber lasers with high beam quality and high output power [4]. In this paper, we present here a demonstration of a yellow fiber laser using a single-mode double-clad structured <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{Dy}^{3+}$</tex> -doped waterproof fluoro-aluminate glass fiber <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\text{Dy}^{3+}$</tex> : SM-DC-WPFGF).