Central Institute of Indian Languages

Sangam literature refers to the body of classical literature written in Tamil during the period spanning from approximately 500 BCE to 200 CE. The Sangam literature discovered so far comprises 2,381 poems composed by 473 poets. These poets included people from various occupational backgrounds, as well as women and ruling monarchs. Sangam literature serves as a photographic depiction of the daily life of the Tamil people who lived during that era. சங்க இலக்கியம் என்பது, ஏறத்தாழ பொ.ஆ.மு 500 முதல் பொ.ஆ.பி 200 வரையிலான காலகட்டத்தில் தமிழில் எழுதப்பட்ட செம்மொழி இலக்கியத் தொகுப்பைக் குறிப்பதாகும். இதுவரை கண்டறியப்பட்ட சங்க இலக்கியப் படைப்புகள் 473 புலவர்களால் இயற்றப்பட்ட 2,381 பாடல்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளன. இப்புலவர்களில் பல்வேறு தொழில் பின்னணியினர், பெண்கள் மற்றும் ஆட்சி செய்த மன்னர்கள் எனப் பல தரப்பினரும் அடங்குவர். அக்காலகட்டத்தில் வாழ்ந்த தமிழ் மக்களின் அன்றாட வாழ்க்கையை, சங்க இலக்கியம் ஒரு நிழற்படப் பதிவு போல் நமக்குத் தெளிவாகக் காட்சிப்படுத்துகிறது.

El compostaje de residuos de palma y lirio acuático es una alternativa para disminuir el volumen de residuos orgánicos. En la Ciudad de México se generaron alrededor de 15 mil metros cúbicos de desechos de palma entre 2022 y 2024, mientras que, las estadísticas del lirio se desconocen. Durante el proceso de compostaje, es vital el monitoreo de distintas variables y actividades de manejo, muchas de las cuales no se realizan en las plantas de compostaje de la CDMX. Previo al uso de compostas, es importante cumplir con los requerimientos establecidos en la NMX-AA-180-SCFI 2018. A través de la investigación científica, se pueden mejorar estas necesidades e impulsar la generación de nuevos productos para el sector agroindustrial, tales como fortificantes de nitrógeno, fosfocompostas, biofertilizantes, té de composta, etc. Además, recientemente se ha incrementado la atención a la mejora de la salud del suelo y la producción de cultivos, donde destaca la incorporación de compostas como una alternativa rentable y ecológica para mejorar sus propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas.

Large quantity of text data is essential to develop natural language processing applications. This paper describes the statistical analysis of LDC-IL text data. Type token analysis is carried out on 8 languages of a substantial size to check for closure. The study shows how similar language or same language family languages are giving an equivalent pattern of saturation curve.

The number of smart devices has grown recently. These tools enable communication between people and things, allowing cities to become smarter. This new system is now referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT).(Internet of Things). The Internet of things The term “Internet of Things” (IoT) refers to physical items (or collections of such objects) that have sensors, computing power, software, and other technologies built-in and can communicate and exchange data with other systems and devices over the Internet or other communications networks. One of the most crucial components of the smart grid is the smart meter. The smart meter is a sophisticated energy meter that collects data from the end user's load devices, measures end users' energy usage, and then delivers additional data to the utility company and system operator. A smart meter uses several sensors and control devices, all supported by specialized communication infrastructure. The present technology in smart meters consists of GSM and microcontroller Modules. This paper presents a single Module that can function as both a microcontroller and GSM. In addition, forecasting the wind power generation using machine learning techniques from the real-time data from a substation located remotely from smart meter and calculation of deviation settlement mechanism (DSM) charges are also discussed.

Conceptualised at the conference organised in January 2020 titled “Contextualising Migration: Perspectives from Literature, Culture and Translation” by the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at GITAM, Hyderabad in collaboration with CIIL, the present volume aims to engage the emergent tendencies within the long histories of migration motivated by a renewed understanding of translated ideas and identities in the present order of world affairs. The volume also aims to trace the literary metamorphosis under the influence of the emerging transnational, transmedial world of literary exchange that has documented the complex negotiation of loss and recovery and methods of searching for one’s identity on one hand and on the other, made literature increasingly difficult to be tied down to one nation, one language. Consequently, the volume is divided into three interconnected sections. The first two sections are dedicated to account for the challenges thrown by the latest discourse and dynamics of migration and to document the theoretical as well as literary responses provided to such developments. These sections also attempt to bring out the significant role of translation in the life of immigrant communities. The final section is designed to substantiate the understanding of the emerging fictional and non-fictional worlds further by looking comparatively into the recent literary output coming from the diaspora and discussing its shifts and extensions with respect to the early writings.