Central State Medical Academy

Background: therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is becoming particularly important in the context of growing interest in personalized medicine, due to its ability to increase the effectiveness and safety of psychopharmacotherapy. The aim was to systematize and summarize current research data on the use of TDM in psychiatric practice. Material and Methods: a narrative review was conducted using the PubMed database using keywords related to the use of TDM for various classes of psychotropic drugs (antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers). The analysis included recommendations from the AGNP (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie) working group as well as emerging methods for biological sample collection. Results: analized articles supports a clinical evidence of the regular use of TDM for medications with a narrow therapeutic window (clozapine, lithium, valproate). The authors discuss the ability of TDM to help identify individual metabolic differences, assess treatment adherence, and prevent pseudo-resistance. Limited data are available on the concentration-effect correlation for most antidepressants. Alternative monitoring methods (e.g., saliva and dried blood spot testing) are shown as potential ways to improve accessibility of TDM. Conclusions: TDM is an effective tool for optimizing psychiatric treatment, especially with antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. The adoption of non-invasive methods of bio-material sampling and increased awareness among healthcare providers may contribute to broader implementation of TDM in clinical settings.

Recently, phototherapy has been actively used as an alternative or adjunctive treatment modality of oral lichen planus (OLP). The analysis of 20 studies and 15 reviews on various phototherapeutic methods revealed that none of them has been proven more effective as monotherapy than corticosteroids. This conclusion justifies further research into finding effective treatment regimens for OLP.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cholelithiasis (CL) are widespread diseases worldwide. The combination of NAFLD and CL is a common clinical situation. CL and NAFLD have common risk factors and are closely associated with such concomitant diseases as obesity, dyslipidemia, and carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Numerous studies in different populations have shown that NAFLD is an independent risk factor for CL, and CL is an independent risk factor for NAFLD. Insulin resistance is now being considered as a key link between NAFLD and the development of cholesterol cholelithiasis. In addition, changes in the expression of transcription factors, including hepatic X-receptor, farnesoid X-receptor, and membrane bile acid receptors, play an important role. It leads to increased lipogenesis in the liver and to bile cholesterol supersaturation, contributing to the development of gallstones and fatty liver. An equally important role in the pathogenesis of both diseases is played by gallbladder dysfunction, which serves as an important link between the liver and the intestine within the hepatic-gallbladder-intestinal axis and supports the metabolic homeostasis of cholesterol, triglycerides, and bile acids. It is supported by evidence that cholecystectomy increases the risk of NAFLD, contributes to insulin resistance, and promotes fat accumulation in the liver. The choice of drug therapy in patients with a combination of NAFLD and CL is based on knowledge of the general pathophysiological processes typical of both diseases. Drugs should comply with the principles of multipurpose monotherapy, targeting as many therapeutic targets as possible, and their combination should potentiate each other’s pharmacological effects. The treatment of patients with a combination of NAFLD and CL is primarily based on weight loss through exercise and a Mediterranean diet, enhanced by psyllium-containing agents and butyric acid, a key mediator of the Mediterranean diet’s positive effects. The drug of choice in patients with a combination of NAFLD and CL is ursodeoxycholic acid, exerting a pathogenetic effect on both diseases.

Current protocols of anti-cancer therapy in pediatric oncology demonstrate high efficacy, but their application is often accompanied by development of toxic effects. Skin toxic reactions toxicity occupies one of the leading places in the structure of adverse events of drug treatment, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients and limiting the opportunity to carry out anti-cancer therapy at the scheduled doses and time periods. Skin reactions can be caused by a wide range of anti-cancer drugs, including cytostatics (paclitaxel, methotrexate, cytarabine, doxorubicin), targeted (crizotinib, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors) and immunotargeted (dinutuximab, etc.) drugs. Acne-like eruptions, hand-foot syndrome, maculopapular rash, alopecia, itching, xerosis as well as rare but potentially life-threatening bullous dermatoses are the most common manifestations. The article presents data on the spectrum and incidence of adverse dermatological reactions in children receiving modern anti-cancer drugs and considers the role of concomitant therapy in the correction of skin toxic reactions. Timely application of accompanying treatment agents allows to minimize skin damage, accelerate restoration of the skin barrier and increase adherence to anti-cancer treatment. Special attention is given to the preventive measures and treatment of dermatological reactions, which helps to prevent their progression and reduce the risk of forced discontinuation or modification of the background therapy.

Introduction. The emergence of a wide range of genetically engineered biological products (GEBP) opens up opportunities for a personalized approach in the treatment of immune-dependent diseases. The development of methods for predicting the effectiveness of biological therapy for timely treatment correction is of particular relevance. Laboratory and clinical biomarkers are being studied.Materials and methods. A laboratory examination was conducted on 486 children aged of 3.5 to 18 years with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), 182 children with psoriasis (PS), and 147 children with multiple sclerosis (MS). The study included a set of quantitative and functional indicators: the content of basic (T, B, NK cells) and small populations of lymphocytes (Th17 lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Treg), activated T helper cells), populations of memory T cells, populations of myeloid suppressor cells (MDSCs), Treg with CD39 ectonucleotidase expression, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in lymphocyte populations, and nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) activity in lymphocyte populations. The comparison group consisted of 100 conditionally healthy children of comparable age. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of immunological parameters and the level of threshold values (cut-off) were evaluated using the method of characteristic curves (ROC analysis).Results. A high probability of predicting (> 70%) the effect of GIBP therapy was obtained for the Th17/Treg index, regardless of the form of pathology and duration of therapy; for the absolute content of regulatory cells (Treg and MDSCs), regardless of the form of pathology during the maintenance course of GIBP; the activity of ADHD in Treg — in IBD and PS, regardless of the duration of therapy; the combination of ADHD activity in Treg and the Th17/Treg index in IBD, PS and MS, regardless of the duration of therapy; memory T cell subpopulations in IBD, PS and MS during the maintenance course; the relative Treg content with ectonucleotidase CD39 expression in IBD and MS after the induction course. Exceeding the threshold values for NF-κB levels in NK cells has been shown to predicts the activation of the inflammatory process in children with IBD, PS, and MS with a high probability (> 70%).Conclusion. A 2-stage algorithm for immunological examination of children with IBD, PS, and MS has been developed based on informative immunological indicators, which allow for a high probability of predicting the effect of biological therapy and the activity of the inflammatory process before the administration of GIBPs and during the maintenance course.Contribution: Radygina T.V., Petrichuk S.V. — research concept and design; Radygina T.V., Petrichuk S.V., Kuptsova D.G., Kurbatova O.V., Anushenko A.O., Opryatin L.A., Abdullaeva L.M., Freidlin E.V. — collection and processing of material; Radygina T.V., Petrichuk S.V. — writing the text; Fisenko A.P., Potapov A.S., Murashkin N.N., Kuzenkova L.M. — editing the text. All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.Acknowledgment. The study was supported by a state assignment from the Russian Ministry of Health, № 119013090093-2, 122040800220-9.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Received: November 10, 2025Accepted: November 27, 2025Published: December 25, 2025

The ability to diagnose gunshot pericardial contusion using chest CT is established. Pericardial contusion is diagnosed in 45.1% of mine blast chest wounds. Primary CT signs of contusion are pericardial edema and hemopericardium. Edema corresponds to pericardial leaflet thickening up to 2-3 mm. Pericardial thickness exceeding 3 mm indicates blood accumulation.

Studying the biological foundations of suicidal behavior (SB) is relevant due to its contradiction of the fundamental physiological survival and self-preservation instincts. It is of particular importance in adolescents since in this age group, the prevalence of SB increases sharply. It emphasizes the need to search for reliable SB biomarkers for a valid assessment of suicidal risk and the development of preventive measures. This review presents the findings of modern biological research in the primary areas of genetics, neurochemistry, neuroimmunology, and neuroimaging, focusing on the most significant disorders associated with SB. A comprehensive study of anomalies in all the above areas helps identify a combination of the most significant ones. Additionally, understanding the various pathogenic pathways of SB development will contribute to the development of new and practical approaches to their prevention.

On May 16, 2025, the 1163rd meeting of the Moscow Society of Dermatovenerologists and Cosmetologists named after A.I. Pospelov took place. The meeting was held in a "face-to-face" format, within the framework of the XLII Rakhmanov Readings conference, in the halls of the President Hotel at 24 Bolshaya Yakimanka. 60 people took part in the meeting. Two applications were submitted for membership in the MSDB, from doctors of private aesthetic clinics in Moscow. In the clinical part of the meeting, two reports were presented: the first was about toxic epidermal necrolysis that developed against the background of polypragmasia (FMSMU – First Moscow State Medical University); the second was about errors in the diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosa (FMSMU). Three reports were presented in the scientific part of the meeting: the first was on the ex-panded possibilities of broadband IPL light and the intricacies of light therapy procedures (JSC – Joint Stock Company «Design Laboratories of Laser Technologies»); the second was on the removal of warts, including recurrent ones, using a pulsed laser with 595 nm yellow dyes («Galaktika» Clinic, Moscow); the third was about the creation of effective lines of cosmeceuticals for the prevention of vitiligo and atopic dermatitis under the brand Dr. Sechenov (A.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov University).

The strategy of developing personalized protocols of aesthetic intervention for patients with medical weight loss (MWL) is a relevant task for cosmetologists in the current realities, since the number of such patients is rapidly increasing, which causes high demand. This article presents an algorithm for comprehensive aesthetic support for a patient in the process of losing weight.

Hypertrophic scars represent a common clinical complication arising from impaired wound healing and tissue regeneration processes, leading to significant aesthetic, functional, and psychological consequences that markedly reduce patients’ quality of life. This review evaluates the clinical significance and therapeutic efficacy of capacitive resistive electric transfer (CRET) therapy at 448 kHz for managing pathological scar formation. The findings demonstrate that CRET therapy effectively modulates inflammatory responses, regulates collagen synthesis, promotes tissue remodeling, and enhances skin elasticity. This non invasive therapeutic modality shows substantial clinical potential as a device based treatment approach that significantly improves patient outcomes by reducing fibrotic manifestations and optimizing wound healing processes.