Central Ukrainian National Technical University

Varyha D.O. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION CHALLENGES Purpose. The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the state, dynamics, and structural features of the innovative activity of enterprises in Ukraine from the perspective of combining macroeconomic, institutional, and microeconomic factors, as well as to assess the compliance of the national innovation trajectory with international indicators of innovative development and competitiveness in the context of military and globalization challenges. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study is a set of general scientific and special methods: analysis and synthesis – to generalize theoretical approaches to innovative development; comparative and rating analysis – to assess Ukraine's position according to the Global Innovation Index, the Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index, and the Composite Innovation Index; statistical analysis – to study the dynamics of enterprises' innovation activity, innovation costs, and R&D performance; a systematic approach – to identify the interrelationships between innovation resources, results, and the institutional environment. Findings. It has been established that the innovative activity of Ukrainian enterprises is characterized by wave-like and fragmentary dynamics, high sensitivity to macroeconomic instability and external shocks. A structural gap has been identified between the growth of formal innovation activity and the economic effectiveness of innovations, which manifests itself in the insufficient commercialization of innovative products. It has been proven that, given limited innovation resources, Ukraine demonstrates relative stability in innovation “outputs,” but is held back by the weakness of the institutional environment, infrastructure, and mechanisms for inter-firm cooperation. The positive developments of 2024 are interpreted as an adaptive effect rather than an established sustainable innovation trajectory. Originality. The analytical approach to assessing the innovation activity of enterprises has been improved by combining dynamic analysis of national statistical indicators with international indices of innovation development and competitiveness. Practical value. The results obtained can be used in the formation and adjustment of state innovation policy, the development of programs to support the innovative activity of enterprises, the development of innovative infrastructure and intersectoral cooperation in the conditions of post-war economic recovery in Ukraine. Key words: innovative entrepreneurship, globalization, development trends, state support, digitalization, enterprises, innovation ecosystems, competitiveness, innovative approaches, efficiency, structural transformation of the economy.

Ensuring the reliability of high-voltage insulation systems is critical for the safe and efficient operation of power equipment. Surface leakage currents, formed under the influence of atmospheric and anthropogenic factors, accelerate the aging of insulation materials, reduce their dielectric strength, and increase the risk of emergency failures. Particular attention is given to the combined impact of relative humidity, temperature fluctuations, surface contamination, and wind speed, which together create highly unfavorable conditions for the operation of insulation systems and necessitate the implementation of automated approaches to monitoring and managing their condition.The aim of this work is to experimentally determine the influence of key climatic and anthropogenic factors on the leakage currents of support insulators, to assess the relative contribution of these factors, and to construct generalized graphical dependencies. The results obtained can be used to predict the performance of insulation systems and to develop automated methods for optimizing the operating modes of power equipment.The research was conducted on IOS-35-1000 UHL insulators operated at substations in the central region of Ukraine.It was found that the dominant influencing factors are relative humidity (30%), negative temperature difference (25%), and surface contamination (20%). Absolute humidity, duration of moisture exposure, and wind speed have a secondary effect on leakage current, with wind partially reducing surface conductivity. The experimental graphical dependencies reflect the dynamics of conductive layer formation under various moistening conditions.Critical operating conditions for insulation systems arise when high humidity, negative temperature differences, and the presence of a hygroscopic contamination layer are combined. The results obtained can be used to predict the reliability of insulation structures and to improve automated insulation condition monitoring systems.

Сучасна сфера публічного врядування орієнтується на принципи відкритості, прозорості, відповідальності та підзвітності, досягнення яких неможливе без ефективної комунікації. У статті обґрунтовано актуальність дослідження бізнес-комунікацій у публічній діяльності, підкреслено недостатню вивченість цього питання у контексті органів влади на відміну від приватного сектору. Проаналізовано наукові підходи зарубіжних та вітчизняних дослідників (К.Майстренко, А.Мішель, Д.Маккуейл, А.Тоффлер) щодо ролі комунікації у формуванні довіри, партнерства та суспільної думки. Визначено принципи ефективної бізнес-комунікації (прозорість, чесність, нейтральність, співробітництво тощо) та поведінкові індикатори, що слугують критеріями оцінки її результативності. Запропоновано класифікацію комунікацій за способом виникнення та передавання інформації (формальні, неформальні; вертикальні, горизонтальні). Особливу увагу приділено сегментації цільової аудиторії методикою 5W, визначенню соціально-демографічних та психологічних характеристик, а також використанню цифрових інструментів і соціальних мереж (зокрема Facebook) для підвищення ефективності взаємодії. Розглянуто комунікаційні стратегії (реактивна, проактивна, медіастратегія, меседж-бокс) та етапи розробки комунікаційного плану. Зроблено висновок, що впровадження сучасних цифрових комунікаційних практик сприятиме адаптації українського публічного врядування до стандартів ЄС, а перспективним напрямом є вивчення і впровадження зарубіжного досвіду використання соціальних мереж у діяльності органів влади.

The quality of transport services is not only a measure of operational efficiency but also an important factor of strategic logistics management in the pursuit of sustainable development. This study identifies five key transport service quality indicators (timeliness, routing, economy, safety, efficiency) and uses data from a logistics monitoring system to assess them with Harrington’s desirability function. Each indicator’s performance is converted into a partial desirability score and these scores are combined into a single overall desirability score (D), with weights determined from the data. Notably, a threshold around D = 0.63 emerged as the benchmark for acceptable service quality. This numeric threshold provides managers with a clear KPI target—if the service quality index falls below 0.63, it signals the need for corrective action, whereas consistently achieving values near 0.8 reflects very good performance aligned with strategic sustainability goals. Based on the proposed approach, an algorithm and software tool were developed to automate the assessment process. The obtained results show how improvements in service reliability, safety and efficiency can be aligned with broader sustainability goals in automotive transportation. The proposed approach offers managerial decision makers a robust tool to guide policy and investment, ensuring that enhancements in transport service performance also advance environmental and social sustainability. In doing so, the framework advances SDG 9 by turning logistics telemetry into an actionable management index that strengthens resilient transport infrastructure and fosters practical innovation at the enterprise level.

Abstract. The article theoretically and experimentally substantiates the peculiarities of modern technologies of programming of health classes aimed at normalizing body weight in the studied persons. The main goal of the proposed method was to normalize the weight of female students, strengthen their health, increase interest and involve female students in regular physical education and health classes through the use of modern tools of shaping. Health classes were aimed at correcting defects in physical appearance caused by deficiencies in the body structure, due to a purposeful selection of physical exercises, the mode of their performance, diet and nutrition. The structure of classes consisted of three parts - preparatory, main and final. The preparatory part of the classes took place in the form of aerobic gymnastics and lasted 10 - 15 minutes. Individual and simple complex exercises for large muscle groups performed while standing were used. The task of this part of the training was to prepare the body for the next physical activity. The main part of the classes lasted 30 - 40 minutes and aimed at the development of various muscle groups and physical qualities. The physical activity intensity is high. Static exercises were combined with dynamic ones. The final part lasted 5 minutes and aimed at reducing the physical activity and restoring body functions. Exercises for relaxation, recovery of breathing, separate yoga asanas and psychoregulatory training were performed. The need to make certain corrections in the diet of female students, considering the physiological needs of their bodies, observing the hygienic requirements for the rational nutrition of the subjects, was established. An own version of the correction of the actual diet of the researched subjects is given, using the example of the daily diet of female students, taking into account the identified shortcomings. A comparative analysis of the anthropometric indicators of the studied female students was carried out. The anthropometric research data obtained at the beginning of the experiment, namely the determination and analysis of body weight, body mass index, waist-thigh index, abdominal circumference, body fat content by body mass index level, revealed the presence of excess body weight in the studied female students. The analysis of the data obtained in the course of scientific research made it possible to draw the following conclusions. Deficiencies in the nutrition of the studied girls were revealed. The need to make certain corrections in the diet of female students, considering the physiological needs of their bodies, observing the hygienic requirements for the rational nutrition of the subjects, was established. An own version of the correction of the actual diet of the researched subjects is presented, using the example of the daily diet of female students, considering the identified shortcomings. The effectiveness of the author's program of shaping classes with the observance of nutritional correction for female students who have excess body weight has been confirmed experimentally, which was manifested in positive dynamics in the anthropometric indicators of the girls. We observe positive changes in indicators: body weight - by 9,94%; the body mass index - 15,14%; the waist-thigh index - by 9,38%; total thickness of subcutaneous fat folds - 7,5%; body fat content by body mass index - 6,58%.

Abstract. This article focuses on digital business management technologies and data analysis systems in business modeling as key determinants of enterprise financial engineering amidst the digital transformation of the economy. Practical applications of NFT technologies are explored as a tool for asset tokenization, optimization of resource management, and enhancement of business investment attractiveness. A proposed trading platform model for NFT transactions illustrates the possibilities of integrating digital assets into the financial and economic activities of an enterprise. The comprehensive utilization of modern digital solutions ensures increased competitiveness, facilitates the implementation of financial engineering strategies, and creates a foundation for sustainable innovative development. Keywords: digital technologies, business management, data analysis systems, business modeling, financial engineering, NFT, tokenization, innovation, enterprise.

One of the essential parameters of the parts quality processed by deforming broaching is the surface plasticity, which depends on many factors and the technological aspects of the process. To create opportunities for technological control of the resource of used plasticity, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of deforming broaching modes on the plasticity resource of the workpiece. This work modeled the stress-strain state of an axisymmetric workpiece made of plastic metal under deforming broaching. The creation of finite-element models of the process made it possible to study the change in the parameters of the stress-strain state of the machined workpiece on its inner and outer surfaces. When analyzing the peculiarities of the change in the stress-strain state in the deformation cell, two zones of local plastic deformation appeared at the beginning of the contact zone and its end. The change in the plasticity increment along the deformation cell during the deformation of a thick-walled part also had two sharp peaks corresponding to the junction of the contact zone with the non-contact zone. It was proven that the size of the local plastic deformation zone depends on the workpiece thickness. The stress state in the contact zone and non-contact zones, as well as the influence of deforming broaching modes and workpiece thickness on the parameters of the stress-strain state and the deformation history of a material particle on the outer and inner surfaces of the workpiece, were investigated. When studying the features of the workpiece deformation by a group of deforming elements, it was found that the accumulated deformation and the resource of the used plasticity on the inner surface depend on the total deformation and the number of deforming elements. A new deformation scheme with consistent use of the plasticity resource on the outer and inner surfaces of the workpiece was developed. This allowed for designing a deforming broach with a group arrangement of deforming elements. The developed design ensured minimal use of the plasticity resource on the inner and outer surfaces. The conditions for the fracture (micro-peeling) appearance at the inner surface were identified. The obtained regularities made it possible to control the quality parameters based on the resource of the used plasticity of the surface layer of the inner and outer surfaces of the part during its deforming broaching. These studies also made it possible to refine the technology for restoring worn piston pins, which includes deforming broaching and subsequent chemical and thermal treatment, the duration of which was reduced by 20 %. The introduction of this technology at one enterprise alone saved 4.5 tons of 12HN3A steel when restoring 1000 piston pins of 10D100 diesel engines.

To enhance public safety, crowd detection and prevention systems have essentially become a natural means to manage diverse crowded areas, such as urban settings, transportation hubs, and event venues. Recent systems take advantage of the synergy between machine learning, data mining, and image processing to extract/analyze features from crowded zones and recognize patterns and anomalies from the crowd behavior. Additionally, image processing tools play a key role in real-time monitoring by analyzing video feeds to detect crowd density, flow direction, and identify potential risks like overcrowding or emergencies. However, most existing solutions focus on the detection phase and often overlook integrated error handling and robust decision-making frameworks to ensure accurate and actionable crowd prevention. Aiming to solve these issues, we take advantage of the prediction capabilities of machine learning models and the analysis and clustering strengths of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) chosen for its strong mathematical foundation and superior clustering capabilities compared to traditional methods, as highlighted in recent works such as K-means or hierarchical clustering. We used the first technique to extract useful knowledge from areas’ produced images while mitigating potential error accumulation through modular error-checking mechanisms. A neural network is used to mark human bodies, determine the position of walking individuals, and predict crowd levels. Such information is, thereafter, inputted to the FCA-based decision system to ensure an explicit representation and modelling of crowd data, thanks to lattice structures. These latter’s hierarchical view helped us identify the crowded areas and manage them as clustered zones, based on their common crowd information. We also define bottom-up parsing algorithms to recommend the suitable crowd prevention plan w.r.t. the crowd level. Experiments have successfully proved the ability of FCA to exclude low-crowd zones, locate crowded areas, and provide actionable crowd management insights, which may complement crowd counting techniques.

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