Centre Belge d'Etude de la Corrosion

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is one of the most promising techniques for investigating plastic particles ranging from micro to nano-sizes (less than 1 µm). However, most studies on the occurrence of micro- and nanoplastics in the air applied single-shot analysis (only pyrolysis), whereas double-shot analysis (thermal desorption followed by pyrolysis) has not been fully investigated. This paper compares single-shot and double-shot methods to investigate the pyrolysis conditions for the detection and quantification of urban outdoor airborne plastics. The findings are applied to the outdoor air in Tokyo (Japan), Bangkok (Thailand), and Kathmandu (Nepal). Relative to single-shot, the double-shot analysis detected the indicator substances of polymethylmethacrylate, polyamide 66, and polypropylene in the aerosol collected in Kyoto city, Japan, and separated some volatile compounds, such as those produced by the pyrolysis of the polymer. In addition, the result indicates that the double-shot analysis may affect the quantification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) because the pyrolysis of this polymer can be initiated at a thermal desorption temperature of 320°C. Therefore, we optimized the double-shot method to a maximum final temperature of 300°C for thermal desorption and achieved good PET quantification. The total airborne plastic concentration sized between 0.43 and 11 µm was 325 ng/m3 in Tokyo, 141 ng/m3 in Bangkok, and 434 ng/m3 in Kathmandu. The size distribution of each polymer varied; for polyethylene and PET, the concentrations of the nano-sized fractions tended to be similar or higher than those of the micro-sized fractions, whereas styrene-butadiene rubber was not detected at the size fractions under 3.3 µm in Tokyo and 2.1 µm in Bangkok and Kathmandu.

Foram considerados os parmetros: "faixa etria"; "ano de notificao" e "sexo".Resultados: Dos dados avaliados

Simple SummaryEmbryo transfer has become a widely used technology nowadays in the equine breeding industry, and many factors can affect its success. The aim of this study was to determine which recipient factors can affect the pregnancy rate at 14 and 45 days or early embryonic loss. In order to do this, a total of 1222 transfers were analysed. Mares receiving the first embryo of the year had a higher pregnancy rate at 14 and 45 days compared to mares at the third transfer. The detection of intrauterine fluid post ovulation negatively affected the pregnancy rate at 14 days and should therefore be considered an abnormal finding, probably being a sign of uterine inflammation or delayed uterine clearance. Embryo size and grade affected pregnancy rate at 14 and 45 days. On the contrary, the age of the recipient mare and detection of fluid during follicular phase did not affect the pregnancy rate. Only the age of the recipient mare influenced the early embryonic loss, since it was higher in mares aged 10–13 years compared to mares aged 3–5 years. The results of this study can help other embryo transfer facilities in the process of selection of the recipients in order to maximise the efficiency of their embryo transfer program.The selection of the recipient mare is one of the most important factors involved in the success of equine embryo transfer. The aim of this study was to determine whether the age of the recipient, the number of transfers and the detection of intrauterine fluid during the follicular phase or after ovulation can affect pregnancy rate at 14 and 45 days (PR 14 and PR 45) or early embryonic loss (EEL). A total of 1222 ETs were included in the study. Mares receiving the first embryo of the year had a higher PR 14 and 45 days compared to mares at the third transfer (78.8% and 70.1% vs. 65.6% and 54.1%, respectively). The detection of intrauterine fluid post ovulation negatively affected PR 14 (60.5% vs. 77.6%) and should therefore be considered an abnormal finding, probably being a sign of uterine inflammation or delayed uterine clearance. On the contrary, the age of the recipient mare and detection of fluid during follicular phase did not affect PR 14. Only the age of the recipient mare influenced the EEL, since mares aged 10–13 years had a higher EEL compared to mares aged 3–5 years (15.6% vs. 6.4%). Embryo size and grade affected PR 14 and 45.

ABSTRACT This article introduces several concepts from Actor-Network Theory (ANT) through problematising the athlete as a heterogeneous entity that is multiply enacted. Through these concepts, we reject the notion that there is only a single underlying biological body as the essence of athletic performance. We instead argue that the athlete is enacted by a network, and that studies of coaching practice must therefore move beyond a restricted focus on the coach-athlete relationship or institutionalised arrangements within a sport. Understanding the athlete as a network reveals the way practices can be more aligned with athlete-centred coaching and adopt a more holistic approach. Through two examples of successful non-institutionalised, athlete-centred arrangements we illustrate how ANT can be used to gain insights into coaching practices that extend current Foucauldian analyses. We conclude that viewing the athlete as multiply enacted highlights differences that could serve as productive spaces for reimagining coaching practice.

In this study, a novel carbon nanotube (CNT) based nanocatalyst (Ni@Pd/CNT) was synthesized by modifying CNTs using Ni@Pd core–shell nanoparticles (NPs). Ni@Pd/CNT was used in catalytic carbonylative cross-coupling between 4-iodoanisole and phenylboronic acid. The Ni@Pd NPs possessed a magnetic nickel (Ni) core with a palladium (Pd) structural composite shell. Thus, the use of Ni had led to a reduced consumption of Pd without sacrificing the overall catalytic performance, simultaneously making it reusable as it could be conveniently recovered from the reaction mixture by using an external magnetic field. Immobilization of the Ni@Pd NPs on carbon nanotubes not only prevented their aggregation, but also significantly enhanced the accessibility of the catalytically active sites. The abovementioned approach based on carbon nanotubes and Ni@Pd NPs provided a useful platform for the fabrication of noble-metal-based nanocatalysts with easy accessibility and low cost, which may allow for an efficient green alternative for various catalytic reductions.

Water was entering the occupied spaces below the left field concourse. But was the cracked deck the source of the intrusion?

Abstract Wastewater treatment plant clarifier environments present challenges for selecting materials of construction. Coated carbon steel, hot-dip galvanized steel, and stainless steel are most commonly specified for new or refurbished clarifier mechanisms, and all have their advantages and disadvantages with regard to achieving the intended design life. This presentation discusses the corrosive conditions in primary and secondary clarifiers; how various process conditions can affect the corrosion mechanisms; in what situations each of these construction materials is or is not appropriate; and how fabrication quality and other details can affect corrosion resistance. Also discussed are the detrimental electrochemical effects of using combinations of these materials, and how those effects can be minimized. Examples will be presented from clarifiers in Texas, Nevada, and New England.

The inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl by three newly synthesized 2,4-diamino-5-(phenylthio)-5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carbonitriles was studied using the weight loss method, electrochemical techniques, surface morphology studies and theoretical methods.

Abstract Protective coatings are used in anaerobic digesters to achieve both corrosion protection and gas tightness. With respect to the need for corrosion protection, anaerobic digesters, under typical operating conditions, do not create exposures which are corrosive to either carbon steel or concrete substrates. This paper will explain the basics of how anaerobic digesters work chemically to stabilize biosolids and demonstrate the atypical operating conditions under which corrosion becomes problematic. This involves unintended or unexpected process upsets in existing digesters as well as anticipated, short-lived start-up conditions in new digesters. When these inadvertent or predictable corrosive exposures occur, selection of the right protective coating system is of paramount importance. This paper will describe its author’s experience with corrosion and coatings in various types of anaerobic digesters including concrete vessels with steel floating covers, concrete and steel vessels with fixed covers, and egg shaped digesters. Through the examination of project learnings from specific digester types, commonplace corrosion and coatings performance problems will be identified along with recommended criterion for selecting appropriate protective coating systems. Furthermore, the selection of protective coatings to ensure digester gas tightness will be discussed.