Centre d'études et de recherches internationales de Sciences Po

BackgroundBrepocitinib is a first-in-class, oral, selective TYK2–JAK1 inhibitor that blocks cytokine signaling, which has been implicated in dermatomyositis.MethodsIn this phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, adults with dermatomyositis were assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive once-daily oral brepocitinib at a dose of 30 mg, brepocitinib at a dose of 15 mg, or placebo for 52 weeks. Standard therapies were continued, and glucocorticoids were tapered. The primary end point was the Total Improvement Score, a validated composite myositis index (with scores ranging from 0 to 100 and higher scores indicating greater improvement) at week 52. Key secondary end points, including skin disease activity, glucocorticoid tapering, and physical function, were tested in a multiplicity-controlled sequence.ResultsA total of 241 patients underwent randomization: 81 to receive brepocitinib 30 mg, 81 to receive brepocitinib 15 mg, and 79 to receive placebo. At week 52, the mean Total Improvement Score was 46.5, 37.5, and 31.2, respectively (difference with brepocitinib 30 mg vs. placebo, 15.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7 to 24.0; P<0.001; difference with brepocitinib 15 mg vs. placebo, 6.3; 95% CI, −2.4 to 14.9). Brepocitinib 30 mg was superior to placebo across all nine key secondary end points, including skin disease activity, systemic glucocorticoid tapering, and functional disability, with improvements observed as early as week 4. Serious infections were more frequent in the brepocitinib 30-mg group than in the placebo group (10% vs. 1%). No deaths occurred during the trial.ConclusionsIn adults with dermatomyositis that was resistant to previous therapy, the use of brepocitinib at a dose of 30 mg (but not at a dose of 15 mg) resulted in significant benefits with respect to a composite myositis index, skin disease severity, glucocorticoid tapering, and functional disability. (Funded by Priovant Therapeutics; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05437263.)

This article analyses, through the lens of speech act theory, the confrontation between two declarations, each enacting an alternative social reality, made by Presidents Volodymyr Zelensky and Donald Trump in the Oval Office on the 28 th of February 2025. This confrontation between alternative framings has continued, with the EU often siding with the security framing while the US defending Trump's peace framing. The clash is interpreted in this article as Trump's attempt to redefine the war in Ukraine by means of a declaratory speech act. Instead of situating the war within the domain of security, Trump's declaration can be seen to have placed it within the realm of peacemaking. He did not desecuritise the issue by denying the existential threat the war poses; rather, he reframed the threat as relational, focusing on the risk of a breakdown in relationships rather than a breakdown of security. In doing so, he can be interpreted to have mobilized the constitutive rules of the institution of peacemaking and challenged the traditional substantialist, agent-centric perspective. By advancing a peace-focused rearticulation of the war in Ukraine, Trump performs an act that I call “peacification” – shifting attention from security measures to relational dynamics, wherein dialogue, rather than militarisation, is framed as the means of alleviating existential threats. While clarifying the Trump–Zelensky clash, the case is used for theory-building related to the theory of speech acts in politics. It explicates the act of peacification and by highlighting the complications that arise from partial and conflicting audience uptake when analyzing speech acts in international politics.

L’enseignement privé musulman est un secteur récent et minoritaire du paysage scolaire français. Néanmoins, il est au centre d’une attention politique et médiatique accrue depuis les attentats de 2015, en particulier concernant l’enseignement religieux et la formation à la citoyenneté. Ses établissements ont pourtant été conçus en réponse à une demande d’égalité sociale et scolaire (en faveur d’établissements de qualité dans les quartiers populaires), mais aussi religieuse (pour doter les musulmans d’un réseau confessionnel). Les pratiques de socialisation civique qui s’y déploient s’inscrivent dans le cadre général prévu par les programmes d’éducation morale et civique (EMC) tout en étant investies de manière spécifique, en faveur de l’« ouverture » de leurs élèves ou pour créer des liens avec la morale islamique.

International audience

Backfilling mining methods control the surrounding pressure and ground subsidence by backfilling goaf and managing the ground pressure, providing a safety guarantee for mining in complex environments and serving as a key means of achieving the deep mining of metal minerals. However, in the design of backfill strength, material mix ratios are determined under indoor standard constant temperature and humidity conditions, which differ significantly from the in situ curing environment. Strength measurements obtained from field samples are notably higher than those from indoor test specimens. To address this issue, this study designed a curing device simulating the in situ thermal-hydraulic multi-field environment of the mining site and tested the strength and porosity of the backfill under different curing temperatures, curing pressures, and pore water pressures. The results indicate that curing pressure and pore water pressure significantly altered the pore structure of the specimens. Specifically, when the curing pressure increased to 750 kPa, the maximum pore diameter decreased from 3110.52 nm to approximately 2055 nm, accompanied by a continuous reduction in porosity. Pore water pressure exhibited a positive linear correlation with specimen porosity, which increased continuously as the pore water pressure rose. With increasing curing temperature, the strength of the backfilled specimens first increased and then decreased, reaching a maximum at 45 °C. As the curing pressure increased, the strength of the backfilled specimens rose, but the rate of increase gradually slowed. With increasing pore water pressure, the strength of the backfilled specimens showed a gradual decreasing trend.

Adult immigrant students in language courses benefit from paired discussions not only by acquiring second language proficiency, but also by developing soft skills that enhance their employability in the host society, such as the ability to maintain meaningful discussions with unknown people, interview, and networking skills. Applied regularly, paired discussions also contribute to a more inclusive educational environment and often allow participants to create friendly relationships. Based on observations, classroom discussions, and pedagogical experiments, this paper discusses the procedure, benefits, and limitations of paired discussions and provides practical recommendations.