Charisma University

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology [1,2]. Beyond fertility concerns, PCOS has been associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk, and significant psychosocial distress [4,10,12]. The condition also profoundly affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL), with symptoms such as hirsutism, obesity, and menstrual irregularities contributing to psychological burden, especially among adolescents and women in culturally sensitive contexts [6,9,16]. Materials and Methods: This study employed a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles published between 1996 and 2023. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords such as "PCOS", "quality of life", "metabolic syndrome", and "psychological distress". A total of 16 key studies were included based on relevance, methodological rigor, and population diversity [1–16]. Data were extracted on diagnostic criteria, metabolic and psychological outcomes, and HRQoL assessments including validated instruments like SF-36 and PCOSQ [13,15]. Results: Findings indicate that PCOS is strongly associated with reduced HRQoL across multiple domains, particularly emotional well-being, body image, and social functioning [8,14]. Hirsutism was identified as the most impactful symptom on HRQoL in Iranian and South Asian populations [6,9]. Adolescents with PCOS reported greater psychosocial distress compared to their peers [11,16]. Furthermore, variations in diagnostic criteria (NIH, Rotterdam, AES) influenced prevalence estimates and clinical management strategies [7]. Several studies reported a bidirectional relationship between metabolic dysfunction and mental health deterioration [5,12]. Conclusion: PCOS significantly impairs both physical and mental health, with profound effects on quality of life that extend beyond reproductive concerns. Addressing PCOS requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes not only medical and hormonal management but also psychosocial support and culturally sensitive counseling. Future research should focus on individualized interventions targeting both metabolic and psychological outcomes to improve long-term health in women with PCOS.

This paper explores the complex ethical dilemmas associated with AI-driven decision-making, providing a robust framework for the responsible and transparent use of AI. Through comprehensive case studies, it investigates the practical implementations of techniques and best practices for tackling significant concerns such as deepfake manipulation, algorithmic bias, fairness, accountability, transparency, and data protection. These case studies elucidate how firms effectively execute ethical AI governance, emphasizing actionable strategies for risk mitigation and trust enhancement. The study highlights the essential function of corporate leadership in fostering ethical AI cultures and offers evidence-based recommendations for companies operating in this evolving environment. This work addresses significant gaps in existing research, therefore enhancing academic debate and outlining a prospective direction for future study. Ultimately, it enables stakeholders to develop and execute AI systems that protect human values, enhance societal trust, and foster sustainable innovation.

Background: Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women in India, especially within marginalized tribal populations. In Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, limited healthcare access, low literacy, and cultural stigma exacerbate the disease burden. Despite being preventable through HPV vaccination and regular screening, awareness and uptake of these measures remain critically low. Methods and Materials: A community-based cervical cancer awareness campaign was designed and implemented in Jagdalpur using a mixed-methods approach. The campaign combined educational workshops, mobile screening units, and HPV vaccination drives. Culturally tailored interventions such as folk media, tribal leader engagement, and local language materials were employed. Data collection included pre- and post-campaign surveys, focus group discussions, and service uptake monitoring to assess the impact. Results: The campaign engaged over 5,000 participants, with notable increases in awareness and behavioral changes. Awareness of cervical cancer rose from 28% to 75%, while knowledge of HPV vaccination and Pap smears increased by 51% and 53%, respectively. More than 1,200 women underwent Pap smears and 520 adolescent girls received the HPV vaccine. The campaign demonstrated that community involvement and cultural sensitivity significantly improve health engagement and service utilization. Conclusion: The Jagdalpur cervical cancer awareness initiative highlights the effectiveness of community-driven, culturally appropriate strategies in reducing health disparities. Future efforts should focus on policy integration, infrastructure support, and sustained community health education to ensure long-term impact and replicability in similar underserved settings.

Taekwondo (TKD) athletes' nutritional and health statuses and body composition are critical to their physical performance and overall fitness. In Lebanon, TKD is widely practiced; however, there is a significant gap in the literature regarding the nutritional and health profiles of its athletes. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status, anemia prevalence, body composition, and other health-related characteristics, among Lebanese TKD athletes. Additionally, it explored the determinants of normal hemoglobin (Hb) levels, blood pressure, normal muscle mass, and normal fat mass. A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and July 2023, involving 110 TKD athletes. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were measured to assess anemia, while body composition was evaluated using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Blood pressure was also recorded. Household dietary diversity was assessed using the Food Consumption Score, and additional data on sociodemographic factors, training frequency, and supplement or medication use were gathered through a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models were applied to identify predictors of normal Hb levels, hypertension, and optimal muscle and fat mass. Results showed that male athletes had significantly higher rates of normal Hb (p-value = 0.013) and muscle mass percentages (p-value < 0.001), while females had higher rates of normal blood pressure (p-value = 0.002) and were more likely to use iron supplements (p-value = 0.002) and painkillers (p-value = 0.041). Normal fat mass was positively associated with normal Hb levels (aOR: 11.98, p-value = 0.033). Female gender was linked to a lower likelihood of normal muscle mass (aOR: 0.13, p-value < 0.001) and hypertension (aOR: 0.19, p-value = 0.009). Higher training duration (10 h or more per week) (aOR: 3.46, p-value = 0.04) and normal BMI (aOR: 4.93, p-value = 0.003) were positively associated with normal muscle mass. Normal BMI (aOR: 14.68, p-value < 0.001) was positively associated with normal fat mass. These findings underscore the importance of individualized dietary interventions to enhance athletes' overall health and performance, through the optimization of athletes' body composition, and the prevention of deficiencies, especially iron deficiency.

IntroductionUltra-processed foods are evident to play a role in the development of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NR-NCDs). There’s a scarcity of data in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) regarding ultra-processed food consumption, which highlights the need for such data in this region that is witnessing a nutrition transition. This study was conducted to assess the dietary pattern of Lebanese adults according to different degrees of food processing.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving a nationally representative sample (n = 444) of Lebanese adults (18–64 years) was conducted over the course of 5 months. A validated food frequency questionnaire and two non-consecutive 24-h recalls were used to collect the dietary intake. Sociodemographic and medical characteristics were collected using a validated questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken by trained dietitians. Food items were classified according to the NOVA food classification system, and the percent contribution of every type of processing to the energy intake was calculated.ResultsUltra-processed foods contributed to the highest percent of energy intake in the sample (46.7%), followed by unprocessed and minimally processed foods (39.6%). Being male, and younger increased the odds of higher ultra-processed food intake; being employed and food secure increased the odds of a higher NOVA-UPF score. Compared with participants in Beirut, participants residing in North Lebanon and Akkar had higher odds of having a high UPF intake and lower odds of having a high NOVA-UPF score. The three most contributing food items to energy intake were ultra-processed (breads and breakfast cereals, fast foods, sweets and desserts). Compared to the unprocessed and minimally processed food diet fraction, the ultra-processed food diet fraction was significantly higher in sodium and thiamin and lower in proteins, fiber, and essential vitamins and minerals such as vitamins A, D, B12, folate, iron, calcium, and magnesium.ConclusionUPF intake was the main contributor to TEI, and the intake was considerably higher among those who reported having renal disease, younger adults, and males. In comparison to the minimally processed diet fraction, the UPF diet fraction was found to have considerably greater levels of sodium and thiamin and lower levels of proteins, fiber, and essential vitamins and minerals. The study findings call for public health policies and interventions to encourage the consumption of minimally processed foods and decrease the consumption of ultra-processed foods, especially sweets and sweetened beverages, which are especially problematic.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare analytics has brought about a transformation in the medical field of diagnosis and treatment optimization. AI technologies have unmatched abilities in processing substantial amounts of medical data and extracting valuable insights by combining big data analytics and advanced machine learning algorithms. AI algorithms provide healthcare professionals with enhanced accuracy and speed in diagnosing illnesses, predicting patient results, and tailoring treatment plans across the entire healthcare journey. This abstract explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can revolutionize healthcare analytics in various areas such as genomics, electronic health records (EHRs), medical imaging, and clinical decision support systems. Healthcare providers can improve healthcare services by optimizing workflows, enhancing patient outcomes, and using AI-driven initiatives to make services more accessible and high in quality. In order to ensure ethical and accountable use of AI in healthcare, it is necessary to address problems such as algorithm bias, data privacy worries, and regulatory obstacles. Despite these challenges, the ongoing advancement of AI technologies has vast potential to transform patient care models and healthcare delivery methods.

In today’s digital world, cyber security has become a top priority for companies, particularly in Jordan. Owing to the fast assimilation of technology and the growing dependence on digital platforms, enterprises in Jordan encounter an extensive array of cyber hazards that have the potential to jeopardize their information, functions, and standing. The purpose of this article is to present a thorough study of the common cyber threats and cyber security strategies in the context of Jordanian company. This research outlines the main cyber threats that Jordanian firms face, including malware, phishing attacks, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) assaults, and advanced persistent threats (APTs), through a thorough analysis of the literature that has already been published and industry reports. Because these risks have the potential to cause data breaches, financial losses, and operational interruptions, it is crucial that businesses put strong cyber security measures. The paper delves deeper into the cyber security tactics and best practices that Jordanian companies have used to lessen these risks. Implementing intrusion detection and prevention systems, firewalls, encrypting critical data, carrying out frequent vulnerability assessments, and raising employee understanding of cybersecurity through training and educational initiatives are some of these precautions. Through an analysis of the consequences of cyberattacks and the efficacy of different cyber security strategies, this research offers important information that Jordanian companies may use to improve their cyber resilience. It also emphasizes how crucial it is for the public and commercial sectors to work together with cybersecurity specialists to create a thorough cybersecurity framework that protects the country’s digital infrastructure and promotes a safe business climate.

Relevance. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a combination of physical and mental symptoms that occur just before menstrual cycle [1] . PMS is reported in around 34% of female university students in China, 40% in Taiwan, 65% in Egypt, 79% in Japan, and up to 92% in Turkey [2] . This geographical variation in the prevalence of PMS may be attributable to differences in genetic, dietary, and lifestyle factors among the young adult females examined. There are four types of PMS can be classified: PMS-A (anxiety), PMS-C (cravings), PMS-D (depression) and PMS-H (hydration), which includes weight gain, abdominal bloating, breast tenderness, swelling of extremities [4] . Purpose of the study: This literature aims to investigate the severity, prevalence and distribution of the different types of PMS as well as seasonal changes in symptom manifestation. It also aims to explore the influence that lifestyle has on PMS prevalence and severity among Kursk female students Materials and research methods. 128 menstruating women filled out a cross-sectional study in the form of an online questionnaire with an age range of 18-34 average age of 22 years studying in Kursk from the following nations: Nigeria,

Background: Medical students face significant challenges in balancing academic obligations with maintaining a social life, which is crucial for their well-being and interpersonal skills. This study aims to explore the difficulties medical students encounter in this balance, the effects of social activities on their health and academic performance, and to propose actionable solutions. Methods and Materials: Employing a mixed-methods research design, this study integrates quantitative data from survey questionnaires with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select participants from various medical schools, ensuring a diverse representation of experiences. Data analysis combined statistical tools for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative interviews, highlighting the intricate dynamics between social engagement, academic responsibilities, and well-being. Results: The findings reveal that many medical students struggle with balancing their social and academic lives, citing heavy workloads and limited free time as substantial barriers. However, a robust social support network was correlated with reduced stress and better overall mental health. Time management skills emerged as crucial for achieving a satisfactory work-life balance. Qualitative data underscored the value of emotional support from peers, family, and mentors and effective time management strategies. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of social support and time management in navigating the demands of medical education. It suggests that educational institutions should foster supportive environments and offer programs that enhance students' social well-being and time management capabilities. Addressing these issues can lead to improved mental health, academic performance, and a more balanced life for medical students.

Mycotoxins have been linked to adverse health impacts, including liver cancer and kidney diseases. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the dietary exposure of Lebanese adults to multi-mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), ochratoxin A (OTA), ochratoxin B (OTB), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 and HT-2) and to assess their associated health risks. Hence, a nationally representative sample of 449 participants aged 18-64 years old were interviewed to obtain their socio-demographic characteristics, food consumption data and exposure estimates. A food frequency questionnaire and 24 h-recall were used to collect data. The concentration of mycotoxins in all foods consumed by the participants was collected from previous national published studies. The estimated daily intake (EDI), the hazard quotient (HQ) and the margin of exposure (MOE) were calculated. The total exposure to AFB1, AFM1, OTA and DON was 1.26, 0.39, 4.10 and 411.18 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. The MOE to AFB1, AFM1, OTA and DON in the Lebanese food basket was 316, 1454, 3539 and 510, respectively, indicating high health-related risks. Per food items, the MOE to AFB1 was below 10,000 in cereals (466.5), mainly in rice (827.9) and Burgul (4868.5). Similarly, the MOE to OTA in cereals was 1439, in which bread (4022), rice (7589) and bulgur (7628) were considered unsafe. Moreover, the MOE to DON in cereals (605) is alarming, especially in bread (632) and manakesh (6879). The MOE to AFM1 in dairy products was 1454, indicating health-related risks with a focus on yogurt (9788) and labneh (8153). As for the herbs/spices group and traditional dishes, the MOE to AFB1 was relatively lower than 10,000 (3690 and 1625, respectively), with a focus on thyme (2624) and kishik (3297), respectively. It is noteworthy that the MOE to DON and the MOE to OTA in traditional foods and coffee were lower than 10,000 (8047 and 8867, respectively). All hazard quotient (HQ) values were below 1, except the HQ value of milk and dairy products (1.96). The intake of some food groups varied between age categories, corresponding to differences in EDI between them. Thus, it is essential to put control measures in place to decrease the contamination and exposure to mycotoxins by Lebanese consumers.