Charotar University of Science and Technology

The research-oriented writing has historically been treated by means of separate, isolated and discrete analytical angles of accuracy in grammar. Since it was more focused on grammar correctness, it failed to fully explain the way in which academic discourse is interactively produced via the interrelationship between language-based configuration, pragmatic function, and domain-specific practice. This study puts forward a holistic grammar-in-discourse model for investigating and pedagogically addressing scholarly writing and it also draws theoretical contributions derived from discourse-based analysis, genre-based theory, functional language theory as well as pragmatic theory.By bringing together core research studies on authorial positioning or stance, discourse-syntax interface, communicative acts, rhetorical or genre category as well as textual connectedness, the current scholarly work puts forward a comprehensive and integrated theoretical as well as conceptual framework. The study establishes that syntactic selections in scholarly prose are governed by higher-level discourse purposes, for instance evaluation, authorial voice construction, and knowledge development. The analysis highlights the effective use of syntactic patterns such as modal expressions, noun-based constructions, attitudinal language, and syntactic embedding patterned in different and structured ways across scholarly genres and subject areas. The research additionally addresses pedagogical implications for English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and second-language learning settings contending that grammatical pedagogy integrated into discourse and genre consciousness empowers academic writers to cultivate a more proficient and authorial presence. By re-framing grammatical systems as discourse-embedded meaning, the study provides a coherent and an integrated theoretical schema that links language analysis and the teaching of academic writing.

Learning outcomes After completion of the case study: Case overview/synopsis This case describes the dilemma faced by the founders of Theka Coffee as they have to decide their internationalization strategy. Should they pitch the international market or focus on expanding their domestic presence first? If they go global, which countries should they target first? What model should they use for internationalization? Should they go for the Hub and Spoke model? Should they go for the franchisee-based model or partner with some established player? The brand name and positioning of Theka Coffee are presently appealing to the millennials of certain Indian States where Theka Coffee has its presence, will this positioning and brand name appeal in the international market, or should they change it? Theka Coffee had seen a complete downfall during the COVID-19 pandemic when the entire operations were closed, and the sales were zero. Post-COVID-19 has witnessed a whole resurgence and aspired to become an INR 1bn startup by the end of 2023. The company has leap-frogged and has marked its presence in 29 states across India. Theka Coffee had the vision of making “freshly cold brewed 100% Arabica coffee” available at affordable prices, which should be accessible to anyone at any time. However, now the company wants to expand in the International market and is in a dilemma regarding the choice of distribution channel, business strategy, product positioning and branding. Complexity academic level The case is appropriate for use in Master of Business Administration and Post Graduate Diploma in Management programs. It can be discussed in the strategic management, entrepreneurship development and international marketing courses. In strategic management, the case would suit topics like growth and expansion strategies. In the course of entrepreneurship development, it could be used to understand the challenges that budding first-generation entrepreneurs face. The case could be used in the international marketing course to cover entry strategies, product branding, promotion and positioning in international markets. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

Diverse tactics are employed to increase agricultural productivity in order to meet the growing food needs resulting from population growth. Using plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) has proven to be a practical way to apply novel agricultural techniques. Although PGPR derived from rhizospheric soil has been extensively studied, more research on marine microorganisms is required. As marine environment is an extreme environment the marine bacteria is adapted to grow at extreme conditions which enables them to produce various secondary metabolites which can be useful in certain ways. The current study attempts to explore marine microorganisms' capacity to stimulate plant growth. The bacteria isolated form marine environment Microcella sp. strain 23 was found tolerating upto 13% of salinity. This bacterium is able to solubilize various essential minerals such as phosphate and potassium and able to produce ammonia and IAA (Indole-acetic acid), which makes it a possible plant growth promoter. The study was conducted on Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl Millet) crop and pot trials were performed with two groups, control (untreated) and treated with M23 (Microcella sp. coated seeds). Treated plants after 32 days of sowing showed increase in plant shoot length and root length by 48.33% and 29.88% respectively as compared to untreated plants. Microcella sp. M23 acts as plant growth promoter by solubilizing essential minerals, reflected in increased chlorophyll and carotenoid content along with stress markers by activating plants defense system that can protect plant from both biotic and abiotic stresses.

Live VM migration is an indispensable part of the cloud for load balancing availability, resource management and reduced service disruption. Current migration techniques present a high memory demand, complex page patterns, varying workloads, and aggressive SLAs. We have designed an efficient live VM migration system including hybrid pre-copy and post-copy, workload prediction, and memory optimization. The transfer between pre-copy and post-copy migration can be switched in a dynamic manner depending on real time memory write type, and therefore service disruption and redundant retransmission will be reduced. To this end, we build an LSTM-based model to predict dirty page production and CPU consumption for proactive migration and adaptive phase switching according to the temporal restrictions of these two variables. It also uses clustering of the most modified pages in Lustre data access frequency to lower useless date transmission and speed up the migration. Experiments on a private cloud system under XenServer demonstrate that, as compared to other methods service disruption time is reduced by 55%, total migration time is increased by 25% and improvement of SLA satisfaction rate is recorded up to18%. This is, in a nutshell, an efficient, scalable and low-overhead approach for live migration of VMs over heterogeneous clouds by embracing predictive workload awareness through adaptive memory clustering.

Increasing environmental concerns caused by vehicular emissions have intensified the search for the design and development of non-noble metal catalysts for catalytic converter devices as potential replacements for conventional Pt-, Pd-, and Rh-based noble metal catalysts. This research highlights the development and evaluation of an alternative to conventional catalysts through the synthesis of non-noble metal perovskite-based catalysts and the design modification of a catalytic converter. A non-noble metal catalyst, La 0 . 8 Sr 0 . 2 Co 0 . 8 Fe 0 . 2 O 3 (LSCF), was synthesized by co-precipitation, coated onto a ceramic monolith of a catalytic converter, and examined for effectiveness under petrol fuel laboratory test setup. The synthesized catalyst was also analyzed using SEM, XRD, and EDX to study surface morphology and confirm the crystal structure. The catalytic converter housing assembly was modified by integrating design modifications and analyzed through computational simulations to investigate velocity profile, pressure distribution, and reaction behavior. Among the three catalytic converter design configurations with diffuser cone angles of 8°, 10°, and 14°, the first was selected as it showed a favorable gas flow pattern, pressure distribution, and velocity profile. The entire module was then experimentally evaluated on a petrol fuel laboratory test setup to assess emission performance under varying loads and speeds. Experimental emission tests revealed a significant reduction in hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions compared to engines without a catalytic converter. The results demonstrate that the synthesized La 0 . 8 Sr 0 . 2 Co 0 . 9 Fe 0 . 1 O 3 -δ non-noble metal catalyst, combined with the modified catalytic converter design, effectively reduces vehicular emissions and provides an alternative and practical approach to noble metal catalysts. A noticeable reduction in CO and HC exhaust emissions was achieved using the LSCF catalyst for an automotive catalytic converter.

Real-time object detection is a fundamental requirement for autonomous navigation and surveillance systems. This work presents a comparative study of R-CNN, DCNN, and YOLO-based object detection frameworks implemented on an ADAS-enabled rover and a drone surveillance platform. Performance is evaluated in terms of inference latency, detection stability, and visual clarity under real-time operating conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that YOLO provides superior real-time performance while maintaining reliable detection accuracy, making it highly suitable for time-critical autonomous applications.

Supercapacitors are gaining prominence as a sustainable energy storage technology since they bridge the gap between batteries and conventional capacitors, offering elevated power density. In this work, we present a cost-effective and low-temperature hydrothermal method for the synthesis of CuMnO2 nanostructures. The material exhibits a monoclinic structure with C2/m space group symmetry as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed a hexagonal and rod-like structure, while energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the presence of Cu, Mn, and O in the material. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) validates the oxidation states of Cu and Mn. CuMnO2 demonstrated a maximum specific capacitance of 451 F g-1 at a current density of 0.3 A g-1 in a three-electrode arrangement with an energy density of 30.7 Wh kg-1. The electrode also maintains good cycling stability, while retaining 70.2% of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles. The symmetric supercapacitor demonstrates a high specific capacitance of 175 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 with an energy density of 15.5 Wh kg-1 and maintains 71% cyclic stability even after 5000 cycles.