Chernihiv Polytechnic National University

The issues of the concept and system of subjects of administrative and legal support for responding to domestic violence are examined in the article. Attention is drawn to the fact that the effectiveness of the activities of such subjects depends on the quality of effective response to facts of domestic violence, provision of assistance and victims’ protection, proper investigation of facts of domestic violence, bringing perpetrators to legal responsibility and changing their behavior. The range of subjects of administrative and legal support, which are subjects of legal relations, is analyzed, it is noted that in each individual case it is different and depends on the sphere of public administration, the activity in which these subjects provide. This also applies to such an area as preventing and combating domestic violence. It is emphasized that the key feature of a subject is the ability to exercise the rights granted and fulfill the obligations imposed. The status of a subject of law is determined by the norms of law and administrative and legal acts that grant it the corresponding rights and obligations. The rights, obligations and authorities of subjects of administrative and legal support for responding to domestic violence are characterized. An analysis of the doctrinal concepts of the subject of administrative and legal support for responding to domestic violence is carried out. The author’s definition of the subject of administrative and legal support for responding to domestic violence is given as a subject of public administration, which, using administrative and legal means, methods and procedures, determines and organizes the implementation of state policy in the field of protecting human rights from violations, covering all spheres of public life, and aimed at combating domestic violence and bringing perpetrators to legal responsibility. It is concluded that preventing and combating domestic violence at the current stage of Ukraine’s development is one of the important areas of its activity, since it is considered not only as a social problem, but also as a problem of protecting human rights, which requires the development of high-quality legal means of its solution. As a result of domestic violence, the rights and freedoms of a particular person are violated, who does not always have the financial means for self-defense, and, accordingly, requires intervention from the state and society. The place of centers for providing free legal aid in the system of preventing and combating domestic violence is determined.

The article examines a system of temporal and spatial indicators that determine the operational and combat capabilities of interceptor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) within modern air-defense structures. The subject of the study is the assessment and formalization of parameters that influence the effectiveness of intercepting small and low-visibility aerial threats, including strike UAVs and other low-speed airborne targets. The aim of the research is to develop an integrated system of indicators that can be used to evaluate, compare, and predict the effectiveness of interceptor UAVs under real combat conditions. The methodological foundation of this study is based on analytical modeling, chronometric measurements, and experimental flight tests. The research employs a step-by-step analysis of the engagement cycle, kinematic modeling of interceptor–target convergence, and empirical evaluation of optical guidance accuracy. Temporal parameters were determined through structured timing of operational procedures, while spatial parameters were derived using geometric modeling of engagement zones and subsequently verified through field experiments. This approach made it possible to identify key patterns in the interaction between the interceptor’s performance characteristics, the target’s motion parameters, and external factors such as terrain and electronic warfare interference. The results include a set of temporal indicators such as reaction time, interception time, optical acquisition time, and the overall duration of the engagement cycle. Together, they reflect the dynamic readiness and operational tempo of the interceptor UAV. Spatial indicators — including the far, near, upper, and lower boundaries of the engagement zone; maximum permissible course offset; convergence-zone parameters; and integral spatial–angular accuracy criteria — define the geometric conditions required for a successful interception. It was determined that the probability of target destruction depends significantly on the relative speed between the interceptor and the target, the target’s dwell time within the engagement zone, and the accuracy of entering the optical acquisition area. The study shows that the integral accuracy criterion for entering the optical acquisition zone serves as an informative indicator of terminal guidance quality. The proposed system of indicators provides a foundation for standardizing evaluation methodologies applicable to testing, certification, and operational employment of interceptor UAVs. The results obtained have practical value for improving the planning of combat duty, optimizing reaction time parameters, and enhancing the integration of interceptor UAVs into a multilayered air-defense system. The conclusions emphasize that the developed indicator system contributes to increasing the effectiveness of countering modern airborne threats and outlines promising directions for future research related to improving guidance algorithms, enhancing energy efficiency, and expanding the operational capabilities of interceptor UAV systems.

This article examines the key features of public finance management within hromadas, analysing the current situation and identifying areas for improvement. To ensure the financial independence of hromadas, favourable investment conditions must be fostered, small and medium-sized enterprises must be supported in their development, job creation must be stimulated, and local residents’ income levels must be enhanced. The present study is founded upon a combination of theoretical and methodological approaches. The abstract-logical method was employed for theoretical generalisation and conclusion formulation, enabling a thorough assessment of relevant professional literature. The decomposition method was employed to establish the study's framework, while analysis and synthesis methods enabled a comprehensive examination of public finance management in Ukrainian hromadas. Local finances play a crucial role in economic relations, particularly in the context of decentralisation, which allows hromadas to tailor the provision of goods and services to local needs. However, the management of public finances during wartime poses a unique set of challenges, necessitating a high degree of flexibility, adaptability, and innovation to ensure financial stability and respond effectively to pressing circumstances. Defence and social expenditures frequently extend beyond budgetary allocations, incorporating resources from public-private partnerships, volunteering, crowdfunding, and other alternative funding mechanisms. This complicates the accurate assessment of revenues and expenditures of hromada budgets. In situations of crisis, hromadas have the capacity to redistribute resources in order to mitigate the adverse effects of such situations. The study draws parallels between the financial responses of two distinct groups of regions, distinguishing between those in close proximity to the frontline and those that are more distant. An analysis of hromada expenditures on public order, security, and judiciary functions reveals different spending trends between these groups. The findings obtained underscore the role of hromadas as key actors in GDP redistribution, capable of mitigating crisis effects through strategic resource allocation and financial management. The present study explores the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of hromada public finance management. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the current financial landscape, the allocation of budgetary funds, and the strategies necessary for maintaining fiscal resilience under martial law. The findings contribute to a more profound understanding of public finance management in crisis conditions, offering insights for policymakers and local government officials.

The paper identifies time lags and provides a quantitative assessment of the interrelationships between key socio-economic indicators and the dynamics of enrollment in higher education institutions. The methodological framework is based on cross-correlation time series analysis using distributed lags, which made it possible to determine the delayed effects of demographic and economic factors on educational processes. The study revealed a delayed correlation between birth rates and the number of students, with a time lag of 16–18 years, as well as an inverse relationship between the unemployment rate among individuals with higher education and the number of applicants. A negative impact of high lending rates on the demand for higher education was identified, alongside a positive effect of the growth of vulnerable employment, which stimulates the pursuit of education. The practical significance of the study lies in the potential use of the obtained results for forecasting educational needs, improving public funding mechanisms, optimizing the network of higher education institutions, and developing an integrated «education–economy–security» strategy in the context of Ukraine’s European integration.

Modern demands for energy efficiency and power density are stimulating the transition to quasi-resonant converters capable of minimizing switching losses. This article systematizes the limitations of both classical linear regulators and common nonlinear approaches to power switch control. To increase the energy efficiency of quasi-resonant converters, a hybrid control architecture based on artificial intelligence is proposed. The task of an artificial intelligence control system is to ensure stability and increase the energy efficiency of switched-mode voltage converters. AI-based control options are considered, namely: neural networks, fuzzy logic, and reinforcement learning.

Modeling of energy storage systems is a very important condition for the development of energy storage systems. This article shows the development and modeling of a battery energy storage system (BESS) in MATLAB Simulink, which is aimed at settling peak loads in the grid. This model allows us to visualize the key parameters of the system, including the state of charge (SOC), the load profile before and after the implementation of the BESS, and the efficiency of peak load balancing. This, in turn, makes it possible to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the system and assess the feasibility of its implementation. The presented model can be used as a tool for further research, optimization of the storage device size, and feasibility study of BESS implementation in distributed energy systems.

To reduce the risks of obtaining unreliable measurement information on the parameters and characteristics of weapons and military equipment during testing, requirements for the measurement management system must be established and met. Such requirements are regulated in the state standards of Ukraine on the basis of the International Organization for Standardization standard ISO 10012 “Measurement management systems. Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment”. The article examines the current state of implementation of measurement management according to ISO 10012 in testing laboratories, and identifies the main problematic issues. There are various bodies in Ukraine that voluntarily assess the state of measurement in laboratories for compliance with the requirements of national standards based on ISO 10012 (enterprises, organizations, including various private and public organizations), but their competence is questionable in some cases. Also, voluntary measurement assessment bodies lack uniform approaches to the terminology, composition, content of documents submitted for assessment and received as a result of the assessment, and the frequency of work. For such conditions, recommendations are given on the use of mechanisms for confirming compliance with the provisions of ISO 10012. It is emphasized that the assessment of the state of measurements in laboratories involved in the testing of weapons and military equipment should be carried out in metrological military units or by surveyors of the Ukrainian system of voluntary assessment of the measurements state. For any type of testing of weapons and military equipment, it is necessary to perform metrological confirmation, taking into account the scope of application of weapons and military equipment, the peculiarities of ensuring the measurements uniformity in the defense sphere of Ukraine. The paper investigates the implementation of a process approach to metrological confirmation during testing. It is concluded that it is expedient to develop a document with a certain legal status that regulates the procedure for assessing the measurements state, uniform requirements for terminology, composition and content of documents submitted for assessment and received as results of its outcome.

Recently, there have been numerous studies analyzing the role of social networks in various types of communication, particularly in the spread of informational influences such as disinformation, fake news, and targeted information campaigns. Such phenomena poses a threat to the information security of any state. Currently, there is active use of the X network (Twitter) to influence both European and Ukrainian social media users. Given the importance of this issue, this study aimed to analyze the algorithm for content dissemination, taking into account different types of users (so-called “agents”). The study analyzed four types of agents and identified their key characteristics, which are likely to determine the level of influence during an information operation, which, in turn, is the main criterion for building a simulation model of content distribution on social networks.

ABSTRACT The value of the angles of the fields of view of collimated mobile detectors for sensing discrete sources of radiation of natural origin of potassium, uranium, thorium by isotopes 40K, 214Bi of the uranium decay chain, 208Tl of the thorium decay chain and technogenic iodine and caesium by isotopes 131I, 137Cs, 134Cs is substantiated. It was found that for the search for discrete sources of gamma radiation of anthropogenic origin, the field of view of the collimated detector is 49.590°, which allows to go beyond the 80% attenuation not higher than 79.2% − 77.3% for a height of 50 m. To search for discrete sources of gamma radiation of natural origin, the field of view angle is 37.382°. With variations in source depths of 0.15 m and 0.25 m, soil density of 2700 kg m−3 and 1600 kg m−3, survey heights of 10 m, 30 m, 50 m, and energies of the studied radionuclides, this allows to go beyond the 80% attenuation to levels that do not exceed 73.5% for a survey height of 10 m, 73.0% for a survey height of 30 m, 72.4% for a survey height of 50 m. A mathematical model of gamma radiation intensity attenuation at the boundary of the detector field of view angle compared to its centre was developed, taking into account: the location of the gamma radiation source under the soil surface and on the surface, the height of the detector, the field of view angle, the mass attenuation coefficients of air and soil, and their integrity. A criterion was developed to take into account the maximum velocity of the air carrier movement, taking into account the deformation of the detector field of view during one gamma-ray collection cycle, which allows taking into account the energy dependence of the field of view for a particular radionuclide.