Chiang Mai University

Traffic-Related Air Pollution (TRAP) is a complicated mix of gases and particulates associated with respiratory oxidative stress and immunological dysfunction. FeNO (Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide) is emerging as an essential biomarker for inflammation. The duration, specific exposure patterns, and magnitude of associations of FeNO with TRAP remain unclear. This research synthesizes and analyzes the evidence linking specific TRAP to FeNO alteration in human population. A systematic review across 3 databases: PubMed, Scopus and Embase, until 3 February 2026, yields a qualitative synthesis of 48 papers, with a majority reporting increase in FeNO levels with various TRAP exposure (33 out of 48, 71.1%). A network meta-analysis of 9 studies (n=5761) across a network of 10 pollutants found black carbon (BC, 10.8, 95% CI (confidence interval): 2.1, 20.2) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH, 9.5, 95% CI: 0.8, 18.9) as the pollutant associated with the highest 24-h percent FeNO difference per interquartile range (IQR) of pollutants. Heterogenous results may related to confounders and effect modifiers affecting FeNO, such as demographic differences, follow-up time inconsistencies, varying baseline FeNO levels and IQR of pollutants. FeNO may serve as a biomarker for adverse health effects from TRAP exposure for BC and PAH. Consistent approach for defining air pollutants components and measurement units is advocated for future research to be cohesive. Though a short term 24-h for FeNO level is the most common, future research should standardize protocol of follow-up time and confounder adjustments to ensure comparability of the statistical estimates across other time points.

Au/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites as visible-light-driven photocatalyst were prepared by sonochemical-assisted deposition method using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent. X-ray powder diffraction patterns, XPS spectra, and SEM and TEM images of Au/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites confirmed the coexisted metallic Au0 nanoparticles and orthorhombic Bi2MoO6 nanoplates to form Schottky barriers. DRS spectra of Au/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites have the absorption band in UV-visible light region higher than pure Bi2MoO6 nanoplates. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Au nanoparticles played the role in enhancing the separation of charge carriers and the photocatalytic performance of Bi2MoO6 nanoplates. The effect of Au nanoparticles loaded on Bi2MoO6 nanoplates was monitored through rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under visible light irradiation. In this research, 5% Au/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites have the highest degradation efficiency of 98.77% within 150 min. Active species involved in the photodegradation of RhB were investigated by trapping experiment and explained according to the results.

This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt the Cognitive Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients into Thai (T-CASP). It is also aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties, including validity, reliability, and diagnostic accuracy, for detecting post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) among patients with non-aphasic stroke. A total of 66 stroke patients from a neurology clinic completed the Thai Mental State Examination (TMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and T-CASP. All participants scored above the cutoff on the TMSE; therefore, the MoCA was used as the reference instrument. T-CASP scores showed a strong positive correlation with the MoCA (r = 0.71, p < 0.001). Internal consistency of the original T-CASP was acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.67) and improved after removal of items C2 (Comprehension) and C4 (Drawing a picture series) (Cronbach's α = 0.72). Test-retest reliability was excellent for both the original version (ICC = 0.89) and the modified version excluding items C2 and C4 (ICC = 0.87). Both versions demonstrated high diagnostic performance, with sensitivity of 79.5% and 72.7%, specificity of 95.5% and 99.5%, and area under the ROC curve values of 0.87 and 0.84, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that the T-CASP shows promise as a screening tool for PSCI in Thai patients.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, negative-pressure rooms were implemented to isolate high-risk COVID-19 patients. This study compared pneumonia patient outcomes before and after their implementation, focusing on in-hospital mortality as the primary outcome. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult pneumonia patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Northern Thailand, excluding those with trauma-related illness, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest/in-hospital cardiac arrest, or incomplete data. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and the outcomes were door-to-first doctor contact time, door-to-antibiotic time, emergency department (ED) length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 30-day mortality. Data from 220 pneumonia patients (104 pre-pandemic, 116 pandemic) were analyzed. Of these, 58.6% were elderly males with comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes. Door-to-first doctor contact time was longer during the pandemic (median, 1 vs. 0 minutes; P<0.001), as was ED LOS (median, 5.9 vs. 4.1 hours; P<0.001). Door-to-antibiotic time was also longer in unadjusted comparisons (median, 60.0 vs 36.5 minutes; P<0.001), but the difference was attenuated and not statistically significant after adjustment (adjusted mean difference, 14.2 minutes; P=0.071). No significant differences in in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, or ICU admissions were observed. Negative-pressure rooms led to increased door-to-doctor contact time and ED LOS during COVID-19, although without significant differences in mortality. These findings highlight the need to improve ED workflows for future pandemic preparedness.