Children’s Village

Somalia's recurring hunger crises are often viewed as emergencies that can be addressed by emergency food aid. In reality, chronic food insecurity now stems from structural fault lines-poverty, conflict, displacement, climate volatility, weak land tenure, under-resourced ministries, and fractured markets-that short-term food aid cannot repair. Today, 4.3 million Somalis face acute food insecurity, and more than 700,000 children are acutely malnourished, even though the country boasts a 3333-km coastline, fertile river valleys and a rich tradition of pastoralism and farming. Cycles of drought have decimated herds, forced pastoralists into urban slums, and eroded coping mechanisms, while conflict blocks access to productive land and drives up dependence on imports for over 80% of staple foods. Climate change is tightening this vise through erratic rains, scorching heat, and flash floods. To achieve sustainable food security, Somalia must shift from emergency relief to long-term investments in resilient and inclusive food systems. That means channelling at least five percent of public expenditure into irrigation, water harvesting, and extension services; securing land rights to spur on-farm investment; scaling early-warning and climate-smart technologies; and rebuilding rural infrastructure, cold chains, and digital marketplaces so smallholders can reach consumers. Nutrition gains hinge on diversifying production of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and animal proteins, linked to community health and education programs. A national Food Systems Coordination Council should align humanitarian and development actors with regional frameworks, while public-private partnerships unlock finance for Somali agribusiness innovations. Ending hunger is not only a humanitarian obligation; it is a prerequisite for stability, growth, and social justice. With political will, integrated governance, and sustained investment, Somalia can move beyond food aid, harness its land and heritage, and lay the foundation for a resilient, self-reliant future.

Purpose: This paper addresses the gap in cross-cultural analysis of health policy communication by proposing a multimodal analytical framework for examining how health insurance policy is represented in Vietnamese and U.S. mainstream media. Despite the critical role of media in shaping public understanding of complex health policies, existing research lacks systematic frameworks for comparing multimodal discourse across culturally distinct media systems. Methodology: This study employs a qualitative conceptual approach, integrating Kress and van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar, Entman’s Framing Theory, and Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics to develop a four-dimensional analytical framework. The framework’s utility is demonstrated through illustrative case analysis of two representative media texts: VnExpress’s coverage of Vietnam’s health insurance reform roadmap (December 2025) and CNN’s report on U.S. Affordable Care Act premium increases (November 2025). Analysis examines linguistic choices, visual strategies, multimodal integration patterns, and cultural-ideological positioning. Findings: The illustrative analysis reveals fundamental differences in representation strategies. This Vietnamese media employs institution-centered framing with hierarchical multimodal integration, emphasizing governmental planning and collective welfare. U.S. media utilizes individual-centered framing with narrative multimodal integration, foregrounding personal hardship and political conflict. These patterns reflect distinct political economies, media systems, and cultural values regarding state responsibility versus individual autonomy. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: For theory, this framework extends multimodal discourse analysis to health policy communication and offers preliminary analytical tools for cross-cultural comparison of Vietnamese and U.S. media representations, potentially informing future large-scale empirical studies. For practice, the framework suggests directions for developing culturally appropriate health communication strategies; journalists and health communicators may draw insights from the comparative analysis to adapt messaging approaches. For policy, the framework contributes to understanding how health policy communication varies across cultures, which may inform future research on designing culturally tailored campaigns that enhance health literacy and policy transparency.

An older adult affordable housing community and a Federally Qualified Health Center partnered to improve the health of low-income older adults. The Unite Care Model included establishing onsite primary care, wellness support, and social needs assistance. The RE-AIM framework guided our mixed-methods evaluation. We sought to determine whether the model was associated with change in blood pressure, social or physical environment and understand model reach and implementation. Of the 251 residents, 13.1% had a clinic visit, and of respondents 70% attended at least one wellness event, and 35% received social needs assistance (reach). Clinic utilization was not associated with improved blood pressure or environment change (effectiveness). Residents reported barriers to clinic utilization including an established provider, uncertainty in transferring care, lack of urgent visits, and insurance barriers. Administrators echoed policy, staffing, and patient barriers to utilization (implementation). Expanding appointment options, increasing staffing, and overcoming insurance barriers may increase effectiveness.

Ice and snow tourism (IST) is a significant global trend, offering Russia opportunities for tourism growth and seasonal diversification. This study investigates the potential of ice and snow art as a distinct subcategory of IST on Lake Baikal. Our research is based on an analysis of academic publications and official policy documents, field surveys conducted in winter 2025, and stakeholder consultations, with the “Olkhon Ice Fest” serving as a case study. The findings indicate a clear shift toward IST, with the number of winter tourists on Olkhon Island increasing by 70% between 2021 and 2024. The festival’s key features—its use of the natural ice landscape, a unique artistic technique, an explicit ecological focus, and strong entrepreneurial initiative—support the development of a conceptual model of IST on Lake Baikal grounded in ecotourism principles. Ensuring the long-term sustainable development of IST in the region requires improved governance, infrastructure, and transport systems, as well as support for green businesses and increased environmental awareness among tourists. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable winter tourism by demonstrating the interconnections among environmental sustainability, socioeconomic benefits, and cultural innovation, thereby situating local IST practices within the broader framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Palliative care for underserved populations presents unique challenges due to complex medical, psychiatric, and social needs. We report a case of a 54-year-old housing-insecure male with schizophrenia and metastatic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, initially diagnosed during hospitalization for a seizure and infection. Initially lacking capacity, he was deemed appropriate for hospice but was lost to follow-up after discharge to a skilled nursing facility. Re-engagement occurred through a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) embedded in a homeless shelter, where care was delivered through an integrated, community-based model. The patient primarily interacted with his primary care physician, board-certified in family medicine and palliative care, while receiving support from behavioral health, outreach, and case management staff. Through coordinated efforts—including facilitation of oncology appointments, outreach support, and ongoing trust-building interactions—the patient adhered to partial radiation therapy and systemic treatment while maintaining autonomy and quality of life. This case highlights the importance of trauma-informed, patient-centered care, demonstrates how interdisciplinary collaboration can support complex decision-making, and underscores the role of community-based FQHC models in addressing social determinants of health while building trust and supporting patient autonomy for medically and socially complex individuals facing homelessness and severe mental illness.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in higher education assessment, particularly through automated grading and feedback systems. These AI-powered tools are reshaping higher education by addressing inefficiencies, subjectivity, and scalability limitations associated with traditional assessment methods. The rapid expansion of postgraduate programs, online learning environments, and large-scale digital classrooms has created an urgent need for assessment solutions that are scalable, consistent, and pedagogically effective. AI-based automated grading and feedback systems use machine learning, natural language processing, and deep learning techniques to evaluate student work and provide personalized feedback. This paper presents a comprehensive journal-level review of AI-driven grading systems, examining their historical development, methodological foundations, cross-disciplinary applications, educational benefits, ethical and technical challenges, and emerging research trends. The review finds that, when implemented responsibly with human oversight and transparent evaluation frameworks, AI-based assessment tools can significantly improve efficiency and support formative learning outcomes.

Abstract Although gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing lactic acid bacteria are recognised for salt tolerance and GABA production. The metabolic mechanisms that may coordinate stress adaptation with GABA biosynthesis remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the metabolic responses of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L10–11 under monosodium glutamate (MSG) and combined MSG-salt conditions using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. MSG supplementation (0.5% wt/vol) enhanced bacterial growth and promoted GABA biosynthesis, with GABA first detected at 12 hr during the early stationary phase. By contrast, combined MSG-salt stress (3% wt/vol sodium chloride [NaCl]) imposed osmotic pressure, delaying the stationary phase onset to 16 hr, reducing the maximal cell density, and postponing GABA production to 20 hr. At this critical time point, 1H NMR profiling identified 32 metabolites across extracellular and intracellular compartments. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and pathway enrichment analysis indicated patterns consistent with alterations in central carbon and amino acid metabolism. These changes had the most impact in alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, which facilitate osmoprotection and GABA biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate that the metabolic adjustments of L. plantarum L10–11 may contribute to intracellular homeostasis and supporting bacterial survival under fermentation stress conditions. This provides valuable insights for optimising GABA-producing strains in functional fermented food applications.

For highly broad and deep models, dense floating-point computing and off-chip DRAM consumption on existing GPU and CPU-GPU platforms result in substantial index overheads (sometimes exceeding 99%) and latency bottlenecks, making it difficult to deploy hypersparse feed-forward networks (FFNs) economically. Existing techniques highlighted sparse attention aimed at combined FFN-attention optimizations; these keep index structures bloated and memory-intensive. The above shortcomings are solved by the proposed FPGA-centric system that compresses indices using hybrid CSR encodings, quantizes with 4-8 bits, and maps all data to on-chip BRAM/URAM. The proposed system prevents repeated DRAM access, diminishes index dominance, and maintains performance across multiple concurrent sparse computation engines. The proposed technique for deploying hypersparse FFNs improves CPU performance by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$150 \times$</tex>, GPU performance by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$6 \times$</tex>, and energy efficiency by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$50 \times$</tex> while decreasing LUT/FF/DSP usage. However, it comes at the cost of greater BRAM consumption.

This study presents the first investigation of West Nile virus (WNV) seroprevalence among farmed horses in Kazakhstan. In 2024, a total of 368 serum samples were collected from horses across 106 settlements in 10 regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), antibodies to WNV were detected in 32 horses (8.7%; 95% CI: 6.2–12.0%) from six regions. Among the seropositive animals, 26 (81.25%) were females and 6 (18.75%) were males, ranging in age from 1 to 19 years. No statistically significant association between sex and the presence of antibodies to WNV was found in any of the six regions. Significant differences between age groups were observed in Aktobe (χ2 = 12.16; p = 0.002) and Turkestan (χ2 = 4.20; p = 0.040). In the remaining regions (Almaty, Zhetisu, West Kazakhstan, and Atyrau), no significant age-related differences were recorded (p > 0.05). These findings confirm the circulation of WNV among horse populations in Kazakhstan and highlight the practical value and effectiveness of using horses as sentinel indicators for WNV surveillance.

With the trend of technology advancement and environmental resource depletion, scientists make a hard effort to explore exoplanets that have ideal conditions for new colonization. Although the telescope becomes innovative, it is capable of detecting longer expansion of space. However, farther planets need to use some methods, typically, the transit method and the radial velocity method. By using the radial velocity method, this research applies the data of radial velocity and the mass of the star to calculate the mass of the planet using a formula. Thus, the topic of this essay is to use both methods to show how they can detect exoplanets mass and the location of revolving orbits. After that, the difference between the two methods needs to be determined because of the differences. Also, the implications of the radial velocity method are significant. Specifically, by using the data including the mass of the host star LSH 1140, the orbiting period of LHS 1140 b, also the radial velocity of LHS 1140 b, to deduce the mass of this exoplanet.