China National Biotechnology (China)

This paper investigates the impact of monetary policy and regulatory interventions on private pegged crypto assets (PCA). We develop an Agent-Based Model (ABM) that encompasses four types of agents: individuals, enterprises, commercial banks, and financial regulators. Based on the four major scenarios-payment, exchange, savings, and regulatory feedback-the model formalizes dynamic interaction rules between two payment instruments: private pegged crypto assets and commercial bank deposits (fiat money). Our findings suggest that scale regulation and cross-border regulatory interventions are effective in containing PCA growth, whereas the effects of monetary policy on PCA transmission remain uncertain.

Abstract This article explores the correlations among variables during the operation of die forging presses and analyzes the importance of these correlations for anomaly detection in the presses. By dividing the collected data from the die forging presses into training and testing datasets, a correlation matrix analysis is performed using the training dataset to identify groups of variables with strong associations. Subsequently, these selected variable groups are applied to the testing dataset for validation. The results demonstrate that this method can effectively identify specific anomalies in the operation of die forging presses.

To predict the flow behavior and identify the optimal hot processing window for A100 steel, a constitutive model and a hot processing map were established using true stress-strain data extracted from isothermal compression tests performed at temperatures ranging from 1073 to 1353 K and strain rates varying between 0.01 and 10 s−1. The results indicate a strong linear trend between the logarithmic stress and the reciprocal of temperature, along with a significant quadratic relationship between the logarithmic stress and logarithmic strain rate. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9913, the new constitutive model demonstrates an excellent predictive capability for the flow behavior of A100 steel. A significant dynamic recrystallization occurs when the energy dissipation rate exceeds 25 %, resulting in a uniform equiaxed grain structure after deformation. The unstable regions primarily occur in high strain rate and low-temperature zones, where the microstructures are typically coarse and elongated. This structural characteristic adversely affects the mechanical properties. Avoiding these conditions during hot forming of A100 steel is crucial. The optimal hot forming windows for A100 steel are achieved within a temperature range of 1153–1353K and a strain rate range of 0.01–10 s−1, where complete dynamic recrystallization occurs.

The microstructural evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy under different stress and aging temperature was studied using cold compression and heat treatment. The relationship between the process parameter and the microstructure of the material was analyzed by OM, EBSD, and TEM. The results showed that the grain size decreased and the recrystallization fraction increased with the increase of compression. Textures of <111>||X (cubic), <110>//Y, Goss have higher intensity after solution treatment, but their intensity and proportion also decrease with the increase of compression. η' is the main precipitate in the alloy aged at 140 °C, while η is the main precipitate in the alloy aged at 160°C. Precipitation coarsening and grain refinement affect the microhardness of the alloy together.

Objective: To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of revaccination of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in elderly people aged ≥60 years. Methods: The elderly aged ≥60 years with 1 dose of PPV23 vaccination were selected as revaccination group and those without history of pneumococcal vaccine immunization were selected as the first vaccination group. One dose of PPV23 was administered to both groups, and the first blood samples were collected before vaccination while the second blood samples were collected on day 28-40 after vaccination. ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of anti-specific serotype Streptococcus pneumoniae podocyte polysaccharide immunoglobulin G, and the safety of the vaccination was evaluated after 30 days. Results: The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibody to 23 serotypes before the vaccination (0.73-13.73 μg/ml) was higher in revaccination group than in the first vaccination group (0.39-7.53 μg/ml), the GMC after the vaccination (1.42-31.65 μg/ml) was higher than that before the vaccination (0.73-13.73 μg/ml) in the revaccination group, and the GMC after the vaccination (1.62-43.76 μg/ml) was higher than that before the vaccination (0.39-7.53 μg/ml) in the first vaccination group; the geometric mean growth multiple in revaccination group (2.16-3.60) was lower than that in the first vaccination group (3.86-16.13); The mean 2-fold antibody growth rate was lower in revaccination group (53.68%, 95%CI: 52.30%-55.06%) than in the first vaccination group (93.16%, 95%CI: 92.18%- 94.15%), all differences were significant (P<0.001). After the vaccination, 13 serotypes of GMC were higher in the first vaccination group than in revaccination group (P<0.001), the differences were not significant for 10 serotypes of GMC (P>0.05). The incidence of local adverse reaction was 19.20% and 13.27% in revaccination group and the first vaccination group, respectively (P=0.174). Conclusions: The antibody level in ≥60 years people who received one dose of PPV23 after a 5-year interval was still higher than that in unvaccinated people. The antibody level decreased after 5 years of the first vaccination, and the antibody level could be rapidly increased by one more dose vaccination, but the overall immune response was lower than that of the first vaccination; revaccination with PPV23 has a good safety.

Gene therapy is a technique involving the modification of an individual's genes for treating a particular disease. The key to effective gene therapy is an efficient carrier delivery system. Viral vectors that have been artificially modified to lose their pathogenicity are used widely as a delivery system, with the key advantages of their natural high transduction efficiency and stable expression. With decades of development, viral vector-based gene therapies have achieved promising clinical outcomes. Currently, the three key vector strategies are based on adeno-associated viruses, adenoviruses, and lentiviruses. However, certain challenges, such as immunotoxicity and "off-target", continue to exist. In the present review, the above three viral vectors are discussed along with their respective therapeutic applications. In addition, the major translational challenges encountered in viral vector-based gene therapies are summarized, and the possible strategies to address these challenges are also discussed.

ABSTRACT Seasonal influenza, causes hundreds of thousands of deaths annually, posing a severe threat to human health. Currently available influenza vaccines are targeted only at specific strains or conserved epitopes; however, these vaccines are not completely efficacious because influenza viruses can undergo mutation during circulation, leading to antigenic mismatch between recommended strains and circulating strains and elusion from the immune system. Therefore, developing an influenza vaccine that is quick, effective, and broadly protective has become crucial, and the integral part of hemagglutinin (HA) remains an ideal target for vaccine development. This study developed a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine (mRNA-LNPs) encoding a consensus full-length HA sequence (H1c) and evaluated its protective efficacy and immunogenicity through in vitro and in vivo assays. Following two intramuscular immunizations (2, 10 µg, or 20 µg) at a 3-week interval in BALB/c mice, H1c-mRNA-LNP vaccine induced strong antibodies as shown in the hemagglutination-inhibition test and protective neutralizing antibodies against numerous heterologous H1N1 influenza viruses as shown in the microneutralization assay. Additionally, both Th1- and Th2-biased cellular immune responses were elicited, with the Th1-biased response being stronger. Two doses of the H1c-mRNA-LNP vaccine could neutralize a panel of heterologous H1N1 influenza viruses and could confer protection in mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that the H1c-mRNA-LNP vaccine encoding a consensus full-length HA is a feasible strategy for developing a cross-protective vaccine against a panel of heterologous H1N1 influenza viruses.