China Ocean Mineral Resource R&D Association

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how to use machine learning algorithms to screen the features and related applications of the characteristic indicators in describing a company's financial fraud behavior under the framework of big data analysis. In particular, we first screen the “characteristic indicator” (features) related to the financial anomalies due to a company's fraudulent financial reports then extract (fraud) features based on the corresponding fraudulent actions. In addition, the validation test is carried out to test the ability of fraud features’ (indicators’) performance in identifying and providing warning signals on fraud events. Specifically, by extracting the characteristics (features) of fraudulent financial behaviors related to financial frauds, based on traditional (structure) financial data and unstructured corporate governance structures, the associated features (characteristic indicators) in interpreting the risk warning system of corporate governance structures are studied and established in this paper, and then these indicators (features) are applied to the case studies. The results show that the features in describing financial frauds and financial anomalies constructed from financial reports to corporate governance could achieve at least minimum purpose in predicting financial fraud with early warning.

During recent dives by the Chinese manned submersible "Jiaolong", some shrimp specimens were sampled from the deep sea of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. A new species of the caridean family Thoridae, Paralebbeus jiaolongi sp. nov., is described and illustrated in this study. The rostrum armed with only one subterminal ventral tooth can easily distinguish the new species from its congeners.

In 2001, the International Seabed Authority (ISBA) initiated the consideration relating to the Regulations for Prospecting and Exploration for Hydrothermal Polymetallic Sulphides and Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese Crusts in the Area at its 7th session. Since then, the consideration of the Regulations has been mainly focused on the size of areas to be allocated for exploration and exploitation of the crusts. This paper, based on the investigation data and the analysis of the distribution characteristics of the crusts, suggests a model for determining the size of areas for exploration and exploitation of the crusts, taking into account various factors such as production scale, crust thickness and grade, mineable area proportion, recovery efficiency, exploration venture, and so on. Through the modeling, the paper suggests that the exploration area (the area covered by each application for approval of a plan of work for exploration of cobalt-rich crusts) shall be 4 856 km2 and the exploitation area (the mine site area) shall be 1 214 km2, for 20 years of 1 million wet tonnes annual production.

The flow field surrounding an underwater vehicle will change due to the influence from seabed terrains, when it navigates near seabed. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the underwater vehicle will change, and then produce a force and pitch moment, which could pull the underwater vehicle to the seabed. So it's very important for the safety of underwater vehicles while navigating near seabed to predict the motion and study the manoeuvring rules. In this paper, a 3DVR simulation system is developed to provide an intuitionistic, real-time, reality 3D GUI tools for researching the manoeuvring motion and rules of underwater vehicles navigating near the seabed and in infinite water. The slide controllers for pitch and heave motion are designed. Several terrains are investigated to obtain the different control method. The simulations show that these two slide controllers are robust, and can adapt to the variety of the hydrodynamic coefficients of underwater vehicles. With the controllers, the underwater vehicle can trace seabed terrains maneuverably. And the further research object is also presented.

To isolate Ferroplasma thermophilum L1(T) from a low pH environment and to understand its role in bioleaching of chalcopyrite. Using serial dilution method, a moderately thermophilic and acidophilic ferrous iron-oxidizing archaeon, named L1(T), was isolated from a chalcopyrite-leaching bioreactor. The morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics of strain L1(T) and its role in bioleaching of chalcopyrite were studied. Strain L1(T) was a nonmotile coccus that lacked cell wall. Strain L1(T) had a temperature optimum of 45 degrees C and the optimum pH for growth was 1.0. Strain L1(T) was capable of chemomixotrophic growth on ferrous iron and yeast extract. Results of fatty acid analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, G+C content, and analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L1(T) should be grouped in the genus Ferroplasma, and represented a new species, Ferroplasma thermophilum. Ferroplasma thermophilum in combination with Acidithiobacillus caldus and Leptospirillum ferriphilum could improve the copper dissolution in bioleaching of chalcopyrite. A novel extremely acidophilic, moderately thermophilic archaeon isolated from a bioleaching reactor has been identified as F. thermophilum that played an important role in bioleaching of chalcopyrite at low pH. This study contributes to understand the characteristics of F. thermophilum L1(T) and its role in bioleaching of sulfide ores.