Chinese Medical Association

Abstract Influenza is a common acute respiratory infectious disease in China, characterized by pronounced seasonality, rapid transmission, and a high risk of severe illness among high-risk populations. These features pose a substantial threat to public health. Historically, recommendations for influenza treatment and prophylaxis have largely relied on expert consensus in China, with a lack of systematic, evidence-based guidelines. In recent years, accumulating evidence on traditional antiviral agents such as neuraminidase inhibitors, as well as emerging agents targeting RNA polymerase, has expanded therapeutic options for influenza, underscoring the need to systematically update and refine existing treatment recommendations. Accordingly, a multidisciplinary panel of Chinese experts developed the “Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in China (2025 edition)” following established guideline methodology. This guideline focuses on antiviral therapy, adjunctive treatment, and prophylaxis, systematically summarizing and updating treatment indications, drug selection, dosing regimens, duration, and safety management across different populations. Specific recommendations are provided for key groups such as children and pregnant women. The guideline culminates in a series of evidence-based recommendations, providing structured and actionable guidance for the clinical management and prevention of influenza in China. Practice guideline registration: Practice Guideline Registration for Transparency (PREPARE-2025CN1551)

The importance of group standards is becoming increasingly evident. These standards are developed and released by groups following their own established procedures, intended for voluntary adoption by group members or the public. In the field of medical equipment innovation and transformation, group standards play a crucial role in multiple aspects. They provide unified technical specifications and operational procedures, clearly defining quality requirements and evaluation criteria at each stage, which helps reduce the randomness in R&D and enhances the efficiency of transformation. They also facilitate communication and collaboration among industry, academia, research, and application sectors, enabling scientific research institutions, medical facilities, and enterprises to share resources and complement each other’s strengths within a common standard framework, thus accelerating the transition of innovative outcomes from the laboratory to the market. By establishing group standards, the healthy development of the industry can be guided, market order can be standardized, and the overall quality and international competitiveness of China’s medical equipment products can be enhanced, promoting China’s transition from a major player to a leader in medical equipment manufacturing. Through an in-depth exploration of the practical applications and development trends of group standards in the innovation and transformation of medical equipment, researchers can better understand the intrinsic connections and mechanisms between group standards and the innovation and transformation of medical equipment, providing new perspectives and theoretical foundations for future research, and enriching the theoretical framework in this field.

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) preparations in medical institutions(hereinafter referred to as "hospital TCM preparations") are fixed-formula preparations developed by TCM medical institutions based on clinical needs. Hospital TCM preparations play a significant role in meeting special medication demands, inheriting TCM experience, and promoting new medicine development. With policy support, the development of hospital TCM preparations has surged in recent years, but there are issues such as product homogeneity, insufficient clinical evidence, low conversion rates, and unlabeled uses. This paper systematically analyzed the current development status and existing problems of hospital TCM preparations, combining policy background and practical cases. Then, recommendations were proposed, including refocusing on clinical needs, optimizing dispensing policies, improving conversion mechanisms, and establishing a dynamic exit mechanism, aiming to provide references for the healthy development of hospital TCM preparations.

Limited information is available on malpractice claims against obstetricians and gynecologists in China. This study identifies risk factors associated with malpractice and explores the correlation between the hospital characteristics and medical errors in obstetrics and gynecology. This observational study analyzed all obstetric and gynecologic malpractice claims submitted to the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) from 2016 to 2023. Data were extracted from the CMA appraisal reports, including hospital type (general or specialized), tier (primary, secondary, or tertiary), ownership (public or private), primary department involved (obstetrics or gynecology), and detailed case characteristics. Malpractice claims were categorized by the type of medical error. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess associations between medical errors and personal, administrative, and professional factors. Among the 3,719 cases evaluated by the CMA, 3,676 were confirmed as malpractice. Nonfatal disability occurred in 1,339 cases (36.4%), and death occurred in 735 cases (20.0%). Specialized hospitals had a lower risk of malpractice-related death compared with general hospitals (odds ratio [OR] = 0.785; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.637-0.967). Private hospitals showed a reduced risk of severe nonfatal disability compared to public hospitals (OR 0.572; 95% CI 0.361-0.907). Secondary and tertiary hospitals were associated with a higher risk of severe nonfatal disability (OR 1.698 and 1.835, respectively; 95% CI 1.084-2.658 and 1.121-3.004) but a lower risk of primary liability compared with primary hospitals (OR 0.783 and 0.527; 95% CI 0.635-0.965 and 0.419-0.664). Compared with gynecology departments, obstetric cases presented a higher risk of malpractice-related death (2.866; 2.347-3.501) but a lower risk of primary liability (0.643; 0.559-0.740). Compared with public hospitals, private hospitals had more credential-related errors but fewer issues with informed consent and documentation. Obstetric cases more often involved errors in procedural timing, monitoring, and evaluation, whereas gynecologic cases had a higher frequency of surgical process errors (all P < 0.001). This study provides the first nationwide analysis of obstetric and gynecologic malpractice claims in China. Strengthening grassroots and private hospitals and refining the hierarchical medical system may improve patient safety and healthcare sustainability. Not available.

BackgroundFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare, disabling genetic disorder condition that lacks real-world evidence on disease burden. This study aims to investigate the basic characteristics, diagnostic status, prognosis, economic burden and quality of life of FOP patients in China through self-reported data .MethodsAn online survey was conducted through the “China Cloud Platform for Rare Diseases” among patients recruited from the FOP patient organization in March 2023. Patient demographic characteristics, diagnosis, prognosis, healthcare resource usage and costs, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data were collected. Health-related quality of life was assessed using EQ-5D-Y for children aged 4–15 and EQ-5D-5L for patients aged ≥ 16. Age subgroup analyses for those aged < 8, 8–15, and ≥ 16 were conducted.ResultsA total of 67 patients (mean age 16.6 ± 10.2 years, 43.3% female) were included. The average delay of confirmed diagnosis was 3.1 ± 4.3 years. 98.5% of patients were disabled due to FOP. Only 38.8% of the patients had outpatient or inpatient visits in the past year. The annual cost per patient was USD 10,820 ± 10,894, with 75.2% being indirect costs. Health utility values were lowest for patients aged ≥ 16 (0.221 ± 0.336), compared to those aged < 8 (0.700 ± 0.163) and those aged 8–15 (0.618 ± 0.202).ConclusionFOP patients suffer long delay diagnosis duration, high disability rates in China. A significant disease burden was driven by high indirect costs and poor quality of life. Patients aged ≥ 16 have the worst health-related quality of life.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-025-03884-0.

The global aging trend is becoming increasingly severe, leading to a rise in the number of older adults living alone. As research on this population grows, a comprehensive analysis is essential. This study examines the current state of research on older adults living alone, identifies key trends and emerging topics, and provides a foundation for future investigations. We conducted a subject search in the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database, retrieving articles related to older adults living alone based on titles, abstracts, and keywords from 1965 to 2024. Using CiteSpace (version 6.4.R1 Advanced), we generated collaborative networks among countries and authors, revealing research hotspots and frontiers in this field. The study identified 740 relevant articles, showing an overall upward trend in publications. South Korea and China emerged as major contributors, though research remains decentralized. A total of 1,136 cited authors contributed to this field. Recent advances include the application of spatial recognition technology and artificial intelligence to prevent hazardous events among older adults living alone, highlighting a shift toward personalized and intelligent care solutions. This study demonstrates that older adults living alone represent an emerging focus in nursing research, yet international collaboration remains limited. The integration of intelligent devices and technologies to address caregiving challenges has become a prominent research hotspot in recent years.