Chip Design Systems (United States)

ABSTRACT Biological nanocomposites, such as spider silk and bamboo, employ sacrificial dynamic interactions across multiple length scales to build hierarchical structures with tunable and robust mechanics. Inspired by these systems, we programmed non‐covalent matrix‐filler interactions within an active polymer–peptide hybrid to achieve mechanically‐ and architecturally‐tunable nanocomposites. Self‐assembling poly(β‐benzyl‐ l ‐aspartate) (PBLA) blocks are grafted onto cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and incorporated into a non‐chain extended peptide−polyurea (PPU) hybrid, in which ordered PBLA blocks, coupled to a hydrophobic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) block, direct matrix‐filler interactions to the soft domain. This design enables control of the self‐assembled morphology and mechanical performance. We explore PPU/CNC self‐assembly as a function of CNC surface chemistry by comparing peptide‐grafted and non‐grafted CNCs. Incorporation of peptide‐grafted CNCs redirects interactions to the PBLA blocks within the PPU. At 5 wt% CNC content, urea ordering is maintained, and dynamic peptide–matrix interactions lead to a pseudo‐dual network, preserving elastic modulus with enhanced extensibility (∼300% vs. 175%) and toughness (0.54 vs. 0.21 MJ/m 3 ) relative to the PPU. Hysteresis and fractography experiments reveal improved stress transfer and energy storage through targeted PBLA interactions. Overall, this work demonstrates how this active‐matrix strategy can program assembly pathways in scalable polymer nanocomposites for applications ranging from coatings to biomedicine.

Infrared Scene Projectors require an efficient set of drive electronics to accurately perform signal manipulation and send the correct image data to be displayed. As these projectors improve, a new generation of drive electronics is required to maintain efficiency and provide signals at greater speeds.

Zirconium boride (ZrB 12 ) is an ultra-high temperature material with measured laser damage threshold of 132 mJ/cm2, higher than in many materials commonly used as saturable absorbers, making it suitable for work in high power laser systems.

Due to a very short time span of dynamic fracture event, it is quite difficult to experimentally measure dynamic stress field near the crack tip. Node-based finite element method (NBFEM) developed by Yagawa et al was extended to solve dynamic crack propagation problems by modifying the original NBFEM and three schemes of crack tip node separation during crack propagation are examined. A dynamic stress intensity factor in mode I, KdynI, is calculated for fast propagating crack at a constant speed. Three different schemes of the crack tip node separation were considered. Comparing the numerical results with those analytically obtained by Freund showed that the condition of zero initial velocity and nonzero acceleration gives the highest accuracy of three conditions with only 0.91% error.

Abstract The Tordis Subsea Separation, Boosting and Injection System (SSBI) will be the world's first commercial subsea processing station of its type. The system will be installed in 2007 at the Statoil operated Tordis field in the North Sea. The system will include a separator that removes water from the well-stream, a multiphase pump for boosting the production rate, and a water injection pump for the discharge of separated water in a disposal well. The Tordis SSBI system has been established with a focus on the use of simple technical solutions using equipment with successful operational experiences from both topside and subsea applications. Nevertheless, a technology qualification programme has been executed to qualify and document the performance of new components. This was necessary to ensure that the system had a technology maturity prior to sanction of the project at level that made sure that the business unit felt confident with regards to remaining risks. The Tordis Technology Qualification Programme comprises of five activities; the qualification of subsea desander, performance evaluation of the subsea separator, design optimisation and testing of the multiphase and water injection pumps with respect to sand handling, testing of valves operated in sand slurry, and qualification of a 36 kV dry mate high voltage connector. FMC Technologies and key partners exectured these qualification activities for the project. Statoil and other suppliers have also carried out other qualification actities that has important to achieve a satisfactory risk level for the overall Tordis project beyond the scope of supply from FMC. This paper describes the Tordis SSBI technology qualification programme executed by FMC and partners. This includes why these activities have been important for the system to be installed subsea, the content of the activities and the main conclusions. Introduction The project for the delivery of the Tordis Subsea Separation Boosting Injection System is currently being conducted as part of Statoil's work for increased oil recovery at the Tordis field (Tordis IOR). This is the first commercial subsea processing system, which comprises of subsea water separation, multiphase boosting, and re-injection of water. Hence, the Tordis SSBI project is a major technology step using subsea processing solutions that are expected to be important field development tools for the offshore oil and gas industry in the future. The focus in the establishment of the system solution for the Tordis application has been to utilise simple and, as far as possible, use well-known technical solutions. Using wherever possible experiences from both earlier subsea and topside process applications has been an important basis. However, such a new system must also use new technical building blocks that need special attention during the early phases of the project. Hence, in parallel with the FEED phase of the project, a Technology Qualification Programme (TQP) began November 2004. The purpose of the qualification work has been to:Ensure selection of proper concept solutions and components that will be technically available for the delivery project.Ensure qualification of needed components.