Chisholm Institute

The impact of sedentary behavior and virtual lifestyle

IntroductionCOVID-19 pandemic has had mixed reactions from nations, people and governments about ways to cope with, prevent and control the disease. The current study identifies social, cultural and policy factors affecting the incidence and control of Coronavirus disease in Iran.MethodsA qualitative study consists of content analysis as well as the views of 20 experienced and knowledgeable subjects specialized in social and cultural health management. The data were gathered using three semi-structured interviews and then continued by 17 semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using Graneheim approach. After each interview, the recorded audio files transcript and reviewed. Then codes extracted and divided to categories and sub-categories.ResultsThere are distinct social and cultural factors in coping with Coronavirus disease. These consisted of three categories of governance, individual and community related factors. A total of 17 subcategories and 215 primary codes that were extracted from the text of interviews as variables of the study and in relation to the research question. Ten subdomains of governance including vaccination, political issues, knowledge, support services, administrative services, transportation, health and treatment, culturalization, legislation and, managerial and financial policies impacted the spread and mitigation of the pandemic at various levels.ConclusionThe management of pandemics requires a comprehensive capacity for identifying and determining social and cultural criteria. A healthy partnership between governments and the community may be required to remove unnecessary obstacles that hinder public health attempt to alleviate the risk. The obtained criteria and indicators from this study may be utilized by policy makers in an attempt to strengthen protocols for mitigating pandemics. Further studies may be warranted to confirm these findings.

Migratory marine species cross political borders and enter the high seas, where the lack of an effective global management framework for biodiversity leaves them vulnerable to threats. Here, we combine 10,108 tracks from 5775 individual birds at 87 sites with data on breeding population sizes to estimate the relative year-round importance of national jurisdictions and high seas areas for 39 species of albatrosses and large petrels. Populations from every country made extensive use of the high seas, indicating the stake each country has in the management of biodiversity in international waters. We quantified the links among national populations of these threatened seabirds and the regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) which regulate fishing in the high seas. This work makes explicit the relative responsibilities that each country and RFMO has for the management of shared biodiversity, providing invaluable information for the conservation and management of migratory species in the marine realm.

Patients need information about the course of recovery after surgery for lung cancer, but knowledge about symptoms in this period is limited. The purpose of this study was to assess for changes in symptom occurrence rates and severity scores from the preoperative period to 1 month after surgery. Patients (n = 228) completed questionnaires before and at 1 month after surgery. McNemar tests were used to evaluate for changes over time in symptom occurrence rates and paired t tests for changes in symptom severity scores. General linear model was used to determine if select demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with the number of symptoms after surgery. The total number of symptoms increased significantly from the preoperative (mean, 9.4) to the postoperative (mean, 13.1) assessment. Of the 11 symptoms that occurred in 50% or more of the patients 1 month after surgery, 8 increased significantly in both occurrence and severity. Four symptoms were experienced by more than 80% of the patients 1 month after surgery: shortness of breath (85.5%), lack of energy (83.8%), pain (83.8%), and feeling drowsy (82.5%). Patients experienced a high number of symptoms after lung cancer surgery. The only characteristic that was associated with a higher number of symptoms 1 month after surgery was the number of symptoms reported preoperatively. These findings can be used to educate patients about the normal course of postoperative recovery. Clinicians need to assess for these symptoms and develop effective interventions to improve symptom management for these patients.