Chongqing 2D Materials Institute (China)

Abstract Precise evaluation of cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and genetic mutations (BRAF V600E /TERT promoter, TERTp) is pivotal for tailoring surgical and prognostic evaluation and adjuvant strategies in thyroid cancer (TC). Although current methods have limitations, we aim to develop deep learning (DL) models to predict CLNM and genetic mutations from TC frozen sections. We developed a DL framework using 2499 frozen‐section whole‐slide images from 2176 TC patients across five centers. The model was trained with a transfer learning‐based feature extractor and an attention‐based multiple instance learning (MIL) classifier, and validated on both internal and external cohorts. StyleGAN3‐based data augmentation was employed to tackle class imbalance for TERTp prediction, while interpretability was assessed via attention heatmaps and Leiden clustering. The CLNM prediction model achieved a patient‐level AUROC of 0.918 internally and 0.803–0.885 across three external validation datasets. For BRAF V600E prediction, AUROCs attained 0.814 internally and spanned 0.750––0.811 in external validation. In TERTp mutation prediction, GAN‐based augmentation increased the AUROC to 0.804 (internal) and 0.732 (external), up from 0.782 and 0.724, respectively. Attention maps visualized CLNM correlations with invasive tumor margins, while mutations localized to specific cellular morphology features. Our DL models accurately predict CLNM and genetic mutations from TC frozen sections, potentially reducing unnecessary procedures and providing a rapid alternative to traditional molecular testing.

Immune reconstitution (IR) is a critical factor influencing the quality of life and long-term prognosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. But delayed IR post-transplant may lead to infections and disease recurrence, while impaired reconstitution is closely associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). To formulate strategies that promote immune recovery, it is crucial to understand the fundamental principles and influencing factors of IR. The emergence of technologies such as single-cell sequencing enables researchers to reveal the specific patterns and mechanisms of immune reconstitution under different conditions, which has given us a better understanding of immune reconstitution than before. Current evidence indicates that delayed IR is related to several aspects, mainly the strength of the conditioning regimen, the composition of the graft, and the occurrence of GVHD. This review summarizes the main characteristics of immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, combined with the latest research progress Carefully explore the influencing factors of immune reconstitution and the existing monitoring methods.

Achieving an optimal balance between strength and corrosion resistance remains a significant challenge in the development of biodegradable Mg-Ca alloys for orthopedic applications. The present study investigates the influence of Mn additions at 0.35 and 0.83 wt% on the microstructure, mechanical performance, and corrosion resistance of extruded Mg-0.7Ca alloys. The Mn addition caused substantial grain refinement, significantly reducing the grain size. A moderate Mn addition of 0.35 wt% promoted a fully recrystallized, equiaxed grain structure, whereas 0.83 wt% retained unrecrystallized regions with high local misorientation. Mechanical strength increased with Mn, with peak ductility achieved at 0.35 wt% before declining at higher Mn due to strain accumulation. Immersion and electrochemical tests demonstrated that corrosion resistance improved at 0.35 wt% Mn, supported by its highest charge transfer resistance, but slightly reduced at 0.83 wt% Mn in simulated body fluid (SBF). Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis revealed Cl⁻ aggregations on the Mn-free and 0.83 wt% Mn alloys, which were not seen on the 0.35 wt% Mn alloy, implying reduced chloride interaction. These findings demonstrate that targeted Mn alloying enables simultaneous enhancement of strength and corrosion resistance, with 0.35 wt% Mn offering an optimal balance option for biodegradable orthopedic implants.

Abstract Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have garnered significant attention due to their high energy density, abundant resources, and inherent safety. However, developing cathode materials with both high specific capacity and excellent kinetic performance remains a significant challenge. In this study, two carbonyl‐functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs), namely Tp‐DAAQ COF and Tp‐DAA COF, were successfully synthesized via a molecular engineering strategy. Among them, the Tp‐DAAQ COF, with a higher density of carbonyl sites, exhibits superior performance in terms of specific capacity and rate capability. Mechanistic investigations revealed that reversible storage of Mg 2+ is achieved through the enolization reaction of carbonyl groups. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical calculations indicated that the carbonyl oxygen acts as a negatively charged center, facilitating Mg 2+ dissociation via ion‐dipole interactions and modulating the ion distribution within the COF channels. This significantly reduces the diffusion energy barrier for Mg 2+ within the porous framework. As a result, the Tp‐DAAQ COF cathode exhibits not only a high ion diffusion rate but also exceptional cycling stability, maintaining 72% capacity retention over 4000 cycles at 1000 mA g −1 . This work highlights carbonyl‐rich COFs potential as RMBs cathode, elucidates their high kinetics mechanism, and provides insights into RMBs advanced organic cathode structural design.