Civil Service

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanism for forming public policy in contemporary Russia through the prism of the interrelationship between its semantic foundations (national interests, goals), structural elements (institutions, actors), and functional stages (the political and managerial cycle). Using an interdisciplinary approach and methods of institutional, comparative historical, and documentary analysis, the article traces the evolution of the national interests and goals of the Russian Federation since the 1990s and identifies the specific features of the Russian goal-setting model in the context of changing internal and external challenges. It describes the institutional architecture of the policy development and implementation process, with the central role of the “triangle” (Presidential Administration - President - Security Council), the Government, the Federal Assembly, and civil society institutions. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of the governance system - from the “May decrees” to national projects and new-generation state programs, the introduction of KPIs, project offices, and lean technologies. A conclusion is drawn about the adaptability of the Russian model, its focus on technological and value sovereignty, as well as the key role of public trust as an indicator of effectiveness.

The state policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of high technologies is a strategic tool for ensuring technological sovereignty, increasing global competitiveness and solving key socio-economic problems. In the article the author considers the theoretical foundations of formation and key stages of development of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of high technologies, as well as trends and features of development of society, technology and public administration. The article is designed to systematize approaches to the study of normative-legal regulation of public policy of the Russian Federation in the field of high technology, as well as to lay the foundation for the formulation of forecasts and recommendations for the development and creation of mechanisms and tools for the implementation of public policy in the topic under study.

The impacts of climate change are of great concern for Ethiopia and other developing countries whose population is dependent on subsistence agriculture, a climate-sensitive sector. This study is intended to analyze the trends and impacts of climate variability on maize yield in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Meteorological data spanning from 1981 to 2018 were obtained from Ethiopian Meteorological Institute while crop yield data were collected from Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha Agriculture Office. Climate variability was analyzed using coefficient of variation, standard deviation, standard rainfall anomaly and precipitation concentration index. Trend was tested using Mann–Kendal (MK) and Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression model were employed to see the effects of climate on maize yield. The results revealed that annual rainfall shows a declining trend of 1.89 mm/year and its pattern and distribution become irregular. On a seasonal basis, Belg rainfall declined at a rate of 2.28 mm. Annual maximum, minimum and mean temperature shows a warming trend of 0.02, 0.04 & 0.04 °C, respectively, in the study area. The warming trend detected during Belg (February to May) is statistically significant for both maximum and minimum temperature. In addition, the maize yield shows a decline of 0.08 quintals per year in the study area. Rainfall is more responsible for maize yield reduction than temperature. Therefore, this study suggests access to extension services, irrigation practices, and the selection of drought and heat resistant crop varieties to smallholder farmers.

The article deals with the issues of effectiveness of solving the problems of forming value orientations in the young generation of Russians in the system of social project activities. The analysis is based on the study of the process of transformation of the worldview of young participants of patriotic contests in the direction of approval and acceptance as a guide to action of the basic value orientations formulated in the current Federal State Educational Standards, relevant regulatory and legal documents, federal target programs and national projects. The empirical research was conducted by the survey method and verified by content analysis of feedback from the project participants. The purpose of the study is to identify and establish a connection between the dynamics of changes in the value attitudes of young participants and their participation in projects of patriotic orientation within the framework of federal target programs, as well as to identify the role of civil society institutions in the implementation of these programs. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that the social project activities underlying the program-targeted approach to solving the tasks formulated in the national project “Youth and Children” have positive dynamics. The authors conclude that the three-link system (project-program-target) allows to include civil society institutions in the process of education of the young generation and get the desired result in the formation of value orientations formulated in the current Federal State Educational Standards.

Abstract Amid several high‐profile ethical scandals, the EU has been discussing since the early 2000s the establishment of a dedicated EU ethics authority capable of restoring trust in its institutions. This article provides one of the first assessments of the newly adopted EU Interinstitutional Body for Ethical Standards by examining whether and how it can contribute to strengthening the existing EU public integrity system. After tracing its genesis and evolution, it first identifies the major structural limitations of the extant EU ethical framework, ranging from its high fragmentation across EU institutions, weak enforcement of its underlying standards to its limited awareness within both the EU institutional setting and wider public. Second, it assesses whether the newly adopted EU ethical body may address and overcome those structural limitations and how it may do so. It concludes that, despite its limited investigative and sanctioning powers, the first dedicated Interinstitutional Body for Ethical Standards carries the potential to mark a qualitative difference in the development of the EU public integrity system as we know it. Through a combination of its standard‐setting, advisory and awareness‐raising functions, the Body may profoundly alter both the ethical standards and their enforcement for participating institutions' members and beyond.

Effluent reuse is a rapidly growing field of research where assessing the quality of effluent is one of the focus areas. This research examines the viability of using wastewater in agriculture by testing an integrated Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor with a trickling filter (TF) system during the dry season. Compliance monitoring was conducted for 30 days from May 11 to June 9 of 2021. Samples were collected, handled, and analyzed following standard wastewater analysis procedures for biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), cations, anions, heavy metals, E. coli, and helminth egg. The UASB-TF system in Kality wastewater treatment performed well in removing COD, BOD5, and TSS with average removal rates of 80.5%, 82.9%, and 80.9%, respectively, compared well with similar treatment configurations. The effluent quality satisfied the national inland discharge limit with a residual concentration of 125.1 mg/L for COD, 61.7 mg/L for BOD5 and 85.8 mg/L for TSS. On the other hand, high concentrations of chromium, nitrate-nitrogen, and helminth egg count restricted effluent reuse for agricultural purposes due to high health risks and environmental contamination. We found out that discharging industrial sewage into the domestic sewer network could inhibit microbial growth and affect the biological treatment processes. Furthermore, adopting integrated treatment systems in developing countries might face operational challenges and monitoring nitrate, helminth egg, and heavy metals would help provide timely operational feedback. An appropriate tertiary treatment unit—constructed wetlands or polishing ponds—is therefore needed to be introduced to ensure effluent reuse for agricultural purposes.

Abstract In 30-40% of fetuses with structural defects, the causal variant remains undiagnosed after karyotype, chromosomal microarray and exome sequencing. This study presents the results of a reanalysis of unsolved prenatal ES (pES) and investigates how postnatal/postmortem phenotyping contributes to identify relevant variants. Prospective reanalysis of pES data was performed in undiagnosed fetuses enrolled in the AnDDI-Prénatome cohort study. Postnatal/postmortem data up to 3 years were merged with prenatal features using HPO terms. The reanalysis involved updating the bioinformatic processing of raw data and periodic querying of the raw pES data using a GREP query. The reanalysis was performed in 58/94 (62%) unsolved pES, including 8 variants of unknown significance. Clinical examination at birth was available for all live newborns, and postmortem examination was available in 12 terminated fetuses. Additional features were identified in 27/58 fetuses (44%). The contribution of updated postnatal/postmortem phenotyping to the identification of relevant variants was limited. Only one new diagnosis was made, but thanks to the new implication of the SNAPC4 gene in the human disease rather than the additional clinical data provided by the postnatal update of the phenotype. Only one of the three additional VUS identified by reanalysis was also considered thanks to additional features provided by postmortem examination. In conclusion, in cases of unsolved pES, the benefit of prospective reanalysis of unsolved pES appears to be limited, even over time. It may be more appropriate to offer postnatal genome sequencing rather than pES reanalysis with postnatal/postmortem phenotyping update to establish a causal diagnosis.

A pesquisa analisou os fatores e impactos da solidão na velhice, além de identificar intervenções para melhorar a vida dos idosos solitários. Utilizando a base de dados PUBMED e outras fontes, foram encontradas 112 publicações, com 50% provenientes do PUBMED. O inglês foi o idioma predominante (46,9%), sendo 2021 o ano mais prevalente (15,6%). O tipo de estudo mais recorrente foi o de campo (18,75%). O estado civil foi o principal fator de risco para a solidão em idosos (21,8%), junto com a perda de entes queridos e o estado de saúde prejudicado. O isolamento social foi o impacto mais comum (26,6%), seguido pela dependência e depressão. As intervenções prevalentes foram o uso de tecnologias, socialização, atenção à saúde, qualidade do sono, rede de apoio e avaliação holística (13,3% cada). Conclui-se que é crucial considerar estado civil, perda de entes queridos e saúde física como fatores de risco. Abordar o isolamento social é essencial. As intervenções sugeridas, como tecnologias, socialização e suporte da rede de apoio, podem melhorar a qualidade de vida dos idosos solitários. Esses resultados têm implicações práticas, destacando a necessidade de intervenções personalizadas para lidar com a solidão na velhice, envolvendo profissionais de saúde, assistência social e familiares.