Clínica CES

Las especies reactivas del oxígeno (ERO) pueden acumularse dentro de los ovocitos durante la maduración in vitro (MIV), lo que está relacionado con la mala calidad de los ovocitos y la disminución del desarrollo embrionario. Se ha demostrado que el resveratrol (R) protege contra el daño oxidativo, pero tiene una solubilidad limitada en agua, por lo que sus inclusiones con metil-β-ciclodextrina (CD) mejoran su solubilidad. Este estudio evaluó el efecto del complejo resveratrol-ciclodextrina (R-CD) durante la MIV sobre el estrés oxidativo y su competencia para convertirse en blastocisto después de la fertilización in vitro. En el Experimento 1, se recolectaron complejos cúmulo-ovocito (CCO) de ganado Bos indicus de un rastro local y se maduraron in vitro sin (control) o con R-CD (1, 10, 20, y 40 μM). La presencia de ERO se evaluó mediante tinción con 2’,7’-diclorodihidrofluoresceína diacetato, mientras que los niveles de glutatión (GSH) se determinaron mediante tinción fluorescente CellTracker Blue. En el Experimento 2, los CCO se maduraron in vitro con R-CD, se fertilizaron y se cultivaron hasta el día 7 para evaluar el desarrollo embrionario. Todas las concentraciones de R-CD mostraron niveles intracelulares reducidos de ERO en comparación con el control (P<0.01). Los niveles intracelulares de GSH fueron significativamente más altos con R1-CD y R10-CD (P<0.01) en comparación con los otros tratamientos. Por otro lado, los ovocitos madurados con R10-CD tuvieron una tasa de blastocistos significativamente mayor que otros tratamientos. En conclusión, el complejo R-CD de 10 μM durante la MIV mejora la calidad de los ovocitos bovinos de Bos indicus al disminuir los niveles de ERO y aumentar las concentraciones intracelulares de GSH, lo que resulta en un mayor desarrollo de blastocistos.

Alopoglossus grandisquamatus is a species only known from its male holotype, collected almost 40 years ago. We report the rediscovery of the Largescale Lizard A. grandisquamatus based on two female individuals from two new localities, extending its known distribution 19 km eastwards and 100 km southwards. Conservation status of Endangered is proposed for A. grandisquamatus. Novel morphological variation is described, including sexual dimorphism in femoral pores. Synonymy of A. grandisquamatus with Alopoglossus eurylepis is discussed, with the dismissal of non-useful diagnostic characters. New characters such as number of femoral pores in males, gular scales arrangement and the number of transversal rows of ventral scales are proposed to diagnose A. grandisquamatus from A. eurylepis. Other characters used by previous authors to differentiate both species are also validated.

Background/AimLiquid biopsy (LB) has demonstrated value in managing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is widely used for monitoring disease progression in multiple cancers. While the role of baseline circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is not yet fully understood, emerging evidence suggests that LB should be integrated into NSCLC management, as pre-treatment ctDNA levels show a strong prognostic association with clinical outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of molecular methods including PCR-based assays and next-generation sequencing (NGS) in detecting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations by comparing LB and tissue biopsy in treatment-naive patients with NSCLC.Materials and MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE and LILACS identified studies comparing matched LB and tissue biopsy in treatment-naive patients with NSCLC using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or NGS. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were calculated using a random-effects model.ResultsTwelve studies with 1,314 patients met the inclusion criteria. Most participants were male (59.5%), had adenocarcinoma (82.2%), and stage IV disease (77%). Pooled sensitivity and specificity for NGS in LB were 69% [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.62-0.75] and 90% (95%CI=0.84-0.94), respectively. Regarding real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) sensitivity was 56% (95%CI=0.46-0.65) and specificity 89% (95%CI=0.66-0.97). NGS yielded a PLR of 6.9 and NLR of 0.34; RT-qPCR had a PLR of 5.1 and NLR of 0.49.ConclusionNGS outperforms RT-qPCR in sensitivity and PLR for EGFR mutation detection via LB in patients with NSCLC prior to treatment, reinforcing its potential as a diagnostic tool.

Epithelial downgrowth is a rare but sight-threatening complication of intraocular surgery. While most cases present as aggressive epithelial sheets, epithelial inclusion cysts (EICs) represent a less common but clinically significant variant. We describe the first reported case of an anterior chamber EIC following trabeculectomy. A 53-year-old male with prior glaucoma surgery presented with a nonprogressive cystic lesion confirmed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Conservative management was pursued given the lesion’s quiescent nature. This case underscores the importance of individualized management for EICs, with surgical intervention reserved for cases demonstrating growth or functional compromise to avoid sight-threatening complications.

Biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stents (BP-DES) are currently used in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Polymer-free drug-eluting stents (PF-DES) have the potential to mitigate any risk associated with BP-DES; however, the relative efficacy and safety of these interventions remain to be fully elucidated. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central was performed from inception to January 2025 to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing PF-DES with BP-DES in patients undergoing PCI. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I ² statistic. A two-sided P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted based on follow-up duration. A total of seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four observational studies comprising 11 954 patients were included, of whom 5947 (49.7%) received PF-DES. In the pooled analysis, no statistically significant differences were observed between PF-DES and BP-DES in terms of cardiac death [risk ratio: 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96-1.31, P = 0.15], target lesion failure (risk ratio: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.81-1.46, P = 0.58), stent thrombosis (risk ratio: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.58-1.41, P = 0.64), target lesion revascularization (risk ratio: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.81-2.02, P = 0.28), or target vessel revascularization (risk ratio: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.70-1.58, P = 0.79). Likewise, no significant subgroup effect was observed regarding longer-term follow-up outcomes. This meta-analysis found comparable safety and efficacy outcomes between PF-DES and BP-DES in patients undergoing PCI; however, further RCTs are needed to evaluate long-term outcomes and newer-generation stent models.