Clarkson College

Europe's clean energy transition is rekindling interest in nuclear power, particularly in tiny modular reactors (SMRs), due to their ability to provide secure baseload electricity and flexible support for intermittent renewable energy sources. SMRs address the limitations of traditional large reactors by shortening construction time, lowering upfront costs, and enhancing operational flexibility for grid services. This article reviews three primary SMR development paths,integrated pressurized water reactors (iPWRs), high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs), and molten salt reactors (MSRs),and assesses their suitability for Europe's energy needs. iPWRs are small, light-water reactors that prioritize near-term deployability and safety through an integrated design, while operating at moderate temperatures. HTGRs utilize helium coolant and TRISO fuel, achieving temperatures of approximately 800-950C, which enables industrial heat applications and hydrogen production while maintaining inherent safety. Molten salt reactors (MSRs) circulate liquid fuel in molten salt, allowing for high-temperature, low-pressure operation and improved fuel utilization; however, material corrosion remains a challenge. Each type of small reactor (SMR) offers unique advantages for grid integration: iPWRs can employ familiar technology for load following, HTGRs can switch between electricity and process heat, and MSRs offer the potential for integrating thermal energy storage. Given these complementary characteristics, a diversified SMR strategy can improve grid reliability, provide flexible baseload power to support renewables, and advance Europe's decarbonization goals.

Augmented reality (AR) is an emerging technology in microsurgery for free flap reconstruction. AR allows surgeons to superimpose preoperative CT images onto the patient, providing real-time insight into the underlying anatomy and aiding in the decision-making process; however, there is limited empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of this modality. We conducted a systematic review to investigate whether the use of AR devices in free flap reconstruction correlates with improved outcomes. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus was performed on February 19, 2025. Our search included retrospective and prospective articles that demonstrated the use of AR technology intraoperatively and reported surgical outcomes in any type of free flap reconstruction. The initial search yielded 158 articles, with 8 ultimately included in the study. Articles were reviewed for technical accuracy, surgeon ease of use, operative time, complications, and operative costs. AR can guide surgeons, particularly those with less experience. As surgeons gain a better understanding of perforator locations, they operate with increased confidence and efficiency. AR outperformed Doppler ultrasound in perforator identification, demonstrating higher accuracy during flap planning and dissection. The time required to harvest flaps was significantly shorter when AR was used compared to traditional flap dissection techniques. Compared to computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) navigation systems, AR surgical guidance exhibited greater accuracy and required significantly less time for flap design. AR devices surpassed cutting guides in various aspects, including cost savings, reduced preparation time, increased flexibility in surgical plan modification, intraoperative tissue drift, and a more favorable effect on hand-eye coordination. No conclusive postoperative complications were reported. The majority of the literature about AR in free flap surgery comes from small clinical studies. Widescale, multi-center studies are necessary to determine the true clinical impact of AR technology in microsurgery.

ABSTRACTMany of us went into research to do something good—to cure cancer or to save the world—and in engineering biology, we really are doing that, solving some of the world's most pressing problems, from plastic degradation to chemical manufacture to built‐environment solutions to next‐gen therapeutics. Or, as academics, we think we are doing these things. We do the research. We publish the research. Job done. But are we actually having the impact we set out to have? Or is your next big (or small) publication one of the reasons your invention never makes it to market? This short article will help you see your research in the context of real‐world innovation and give you an insight into what it takes to turn that academic work into something we can hold and use. We will look at some fundamentals of patents and what you, as scientists, should be aware of. We will then look at innovation trends in engineering biology across a range of sectors—what are the hot fields in engineering biology commercialisation and what can we use this information for. If you’re not thinking about IP, you’re not thinking about impact.

This article discusses nonpharmacologic pain management interventions for alternative or concomitant use with nonopioid medications. Potential barriers as well as facilitators to integrating nonpharmacologic interventions are discussed as they relate to nursing practice.

Manufacturers introduce gate drivers for squeezing the best performance out of WBG devices. With the many well-known attributes of wide-bandgap (WBG) power devices, especially silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) FETs, the WBG adoption has been growing constantly for the past few years. Lately, with significant improvements in reliability and commercial availability, several manufacturers have taken SiC- and GaN-based products to production. Market data from research fi rms, such as Yole and IHS, show that this trend will continue to rise during the next five to 10 years.

His feet had obvious sores, and his clothes had not been washed for many days or weeks. The shoes he had were threadbare canvas, thin soled, and carried a thick smell of poverty…While bandaging the feet, the physician asked about how the wounds had happened. The translator passed on to the physician that the traveler did not know for sure, as he had often been barefoot and often times could not feel his feet.
 An additional act of kindness and humility shown to this traveler (refugee) opened the door to share the hope of Abraham, to a fellow child of Abraham.