Cleary University

Particular attention has been paid to the nutritional potential of edible insects as well as the health benefits associated with their bioactive compounds. This paper focused on an in-depth review compiling the most recent information on health benefits of insect bioactive metabolites as well as their purification and identification, in addition to consumer attitudes towards edible insects. It was found that, insect bioactive metabolites, including marcocarpal, grandinol, trolline, pancratistatin, narciclasin, ungeremin, cantharidin, cordycepin, roseoflavin, lecithin, reblastatin, chitin, chitosan and desmosterol deemed to have biological activities, such as tumor suppression, anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulator, neuroprotective, glycemic and lipid regulation, blood pressure reduction, regulation of intestinal bacterial flora and cardiovascular protection among others. Furthermore, proper sample preparation and extraction is the first step in the purification of bioactive metabolites from edible insects. After concentration, bioactive metabolites are purified using chromatographic and separation techniques including High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography (GC), Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). Finally, their nutritional potential, health benefits, environmentally friendly, great taste, traditions, taboo, safety concerns, unpleasant past experiences, allergies, and unnaturalness are among the main factors influencing attitudes towards insect consumption.

Congenital heart diseases are traditionally considered to be multifactorial in pathogenesis resulting from environmental and genetic interactions that determine penetrance and expressivity within a genetically predisposed family. Recent evidence suggests that genetic contributions have been significantly underestimated. However, single gene defects occur only in a minority of cases, and multigenetic causes of congenital heart diseases have not been fully demonstrated. Here, we show that interactions between alleles of 3 Pbx genes, which encode homeodomain transcription factors, are sufficient to determine the phenotypic presentation of congenital heart diseases in mice. A major role is served by Pbx1, whose inactivation results in persistent truncus arteriosus. Reduction or absence of Pbx2 or Pbx3 leads to Pbx1 haploinsufficiency and specific malformations that resemble tetralogy of Fallot, overriding aorta with ventricular septal defect, and bicuspid aortic valves. Disruption of Meis1, which encodes a Pbx DNA-binding partner, results in cardiac anomalies that resemble those caused by Pbx mutations. Each of the observed cardiac defects represents developmental abnormalities affecting distinct stages of cardiac outflow tract development and corresponds to specific types of human congenital heart disease. Thus, varied deficiencies in the Pbx gene family produce a full spectrum of cardiac defects involving the outflow tract, providing a framework for determining multigenetic causes of congenital heart anomalies.

Journal Article Plainville Fifteen Years Later. By Art Gallaher, Jr. New York: Columbia University Press, 1961. 301 pp. $5.00 Get access Ruth C. Schaffer Ruth C. Schaffer Cleary College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 41, Issue 1, October 1962, Pages 100–101, https://doi.org/10.2307/2572941 Published: 01 October 1962