Coastline Community College

Abstract Delineating the sweet spots, areas where well performance will be most economic, is a critical issue for both the exploration and the development of gas-shale reservoirs. Two simple methods to aid identification and mapping of sweet spots using density and neutron logs are presented in this paper. The first method is apparent shale porosity*thickness (PHIas*H) maps, derived from the raw density porosity log, used to qualitatively assess and map reservoir quality and quantity. What is unique in the approach of this paper is that no rock calibration is done to correct for total organic carbon (TOC), a common industry practice. The second method is the neutron gas effect. In many gas shales, the neutron and density logs exhibit approach sometimes to the point of a corssover response, similar to the well-documented effect in gas reservoirs in sandstone or carbonate. All currently commercial gas shales in North America exhibit the gas effect, suggesting that it can be used as a direct detection technique for commercial gas shale.

Transform-generated coastline and seaward boundary curve after 80 iterations, eastern gulf coast Transform-generated coastline and seaward boundary curve after 135 iterations, upper east coast Transform-generated coastline and seaward boundary curve after 80 iterations, western gulf coast Trnasform-generated coastline and seaward boundary curve after 80 iterations, central gulf coast Transform-generated coastline and seaward boundary curve after one iteration, western gulf coast Transform-generated coastline and seaward boundary curve after 40 iterations, western gulf coast . . . Transform-generated coastline and seaward boundary curve after one iteration, central gulf coast Transform-generated coastline and seaward boundary curve after 40 iterations, central gulf coast The "curvilinearity" variance spectra for the final transform of the five mapped regions 29 Transform-generated coastline and seaward boundary curve after 160 iterations, eastern gulf coast 30 Transform-generated coastline and seaward boundary curve after 120 iterations, lower east coast 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 46 Coastline and seaward boundary curve, lower east coast 47 Coastline and seaward boundary curve, central and eastern gulf coasts 48 23 Orthogonal curvilinear grid system 51 24 Shelf coordinate system for Hurricane Carla surge simulation. . . 53 25 Stretched shelf coordinate system for Hurricane Carla surge simulation 54 26 Functional relationships for Hurricane Carla surge simulation 55 Hurricane Camille symmetric and deformed wind fields 46 Hurricane Camille winds at selected points 47 Hurricane Camille atmospheric pressure 48 Hurricane Gracie symmetric winds 49 Hurricane Gracie atmospheric pressure 50 The annulus in polar coordinates 51 Rectilinear grid representing the annulus 52 Polar grid representing the annulus 53 Computing grid for polar system representation of the annulus 54 Computed water surface topography in the rectilinear grid system 55 Computed water surface topography in the polar grid system 56 Hydrographs for the polar grid and rectilinear grid 57 Hydrographs for the polar grid and rectilinear grid 58 Hydrographs for the polar grid and rectilinear grid 59 Observed and computed water levels for Hurricane Carla 60 Computed water surface topography for Hurricane Carla 61 Computed high water of the coastal surges from Hurricane Carla corrected for the astronomical tide 62 Computed water velocity at selected grid points for Hurricane Carla 63 Values of alongshore current as a function of time at selected grid points 64 Observed and computed water levels for Hurricane Camille CONTENTS FIGURES-Continued Page Computed water surface topography for Hurricane Camille at 24 hours HI Computed water surface topography for Hurricane Camille at 26 hours H2 Computed water surface topography for Hurricane Camille at 27 hours H3 Computed water surface topography for Hurricane Camille at 27.5 hours 114 Computed water surface topography for Hurricane Camille at 28 hours 115 Computed water surface topography for Hurricane Camille at 28.5 hours 116 Computed water surface topography for Hurricane Camille at 29 hours ' H 7 Computed water surface topography for Hurricane Camille at 30 hours 118 Computed water surface topography for Hurricane Camille at 32 hours 119 Computed water velocity at selected grid points for Hurricane Camille 120 Computed high water of the coastal surges east of the delta from Hurricane Camille corrected for the astronomical tide . . . 121 76 Cartesian grid for Hurricane Gracie storm surge simulation. . . . 123 Observed and computed water levels for Hurricane Gracie in the curvilinear and rectilinear grid system 124 78 Computed water surface topography for Hurricane Gracie in the curvilinear grid 125 79 Computed water surface topography for Hurricane Gracie in the rectilinear grid 126 80 Computed water velocity at selected grid points for Hurricane Gracie in the curvilinear grid 128 81