College of Lake County

Abstract Using Platonic metaphysics, the paper offers eight arguments for the benevolence of the simulator of our world, assuming that it is a simulation. In part, the paper proceeds negatively by showing problems with the hypothesis of a malevolent simulator. First, simulant is to simulator as part to whole, so it is in the interests of the simulator to be just and wise toward the simulant. Second, the simulation hypothesis implies the possibility of religious technology, unless the simulator is virtuous and therefore above manipulation. Third, if the simulator is malevolent then ethics becomes incoherent, given that piety is a virtue. Fourth, unless the simulator is benevolent then no simulant is, since everything done by a simulant is done in cooperation with the simulator. Fifth, the simulator is impassible to simulants, but evil involves passivity. Sixth, the simulator is the singular cause of the world, but evil involves the accidental collision of causes. Seventh, the simulator is eternal with respect to the world, and evil cannot exist in the eternal. Eight, simulating requires knowledge of the forms, but like is known to like, so a malevolent simulator could not create an intelligible world.

The chromatic polynomial of a graph G, denoted P (G, m), is equal to the number of proper m-colorings of G for each m ∈ N. In 1990, Kostochka and Sidorenko introduced the list color function of graph G, denoted P ℓ (G, m), which is a list analogue of the chromatic polynomial. The list color function threshold of G, denoted τ (G), is the smallest k such that P (G, k) > 0 and P ℓ (G, m) = P (G, m) whenever m ≥ k. It is known that for every graph G, τ (G) is finite, and a recent paper of Kaul et al. suggests that complete bipartite graphs may be the key to understanding the extremal behavior of τ . In this paper we develop tools for bounding the list color function threshold of complete bipartite graphs from above. We show that for any n ≥ 2, τ (K 2,n ) ≤ ⌈(n + 2.05)/1.24⌉. Interestingly, our proof makes use of classical results such as Rolle's Theorem and Descartes' Rule of Signs.

In this paper, the analytical performance of double intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) aided mobile edge computing (MEC) networks based on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is studied. Two IRSs are deployed to assist two users in offloading their tasks to an access point (AP). The closedform expressions of successful computation probability (SCP) and energy consumption probability (ECP) are derived to illustrate system performance. Furthermore, a multiple-objective (MO) optimization problem is formulated and solved based on MO Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Finally, numerical results are provided to investigate the performance and verify the correctness of our analysis.

In 2003 Kostochka, Pelsmajer, and West introduced a list analogue of equitable coloring called equitable choosability. A k-assignment, L, for a graph G assigns a list, L(v), of k available colors to each v V (G), and an equitable L-coloring of G is a proper coloring, f , of G such that f (v) L(v) for each v V (G) and each color class of f has size at most |V (G)|/k. Graph G is said to be equitably k-choosable if an equitable L-coloring of G exists whenever L is a k-assignment for G. In this note we study the equitable choosability of complete bipartite graphs. A result of Kostochka, Pelsmajer, and West implies

ABSTRACTLegislative incumbent turnover rates are an important indicator for the quality of a democracy. Low turnover rates may indicate the presence of oligarchic structures while high turnover rates may be a sign of political instability. Yet, there is little research on incumbent turnover in new democracies. This article will suggest ways to address this gap in the literature by looking at Indonesia. The country is not only the third largest democracy in the world but also a relatively new democracy that has only conducted four elections since 1998. The lack of studies on incumbent turnover in new democracies is mirrored in the literature on Indonesia. The vast scholarship on democratization in Indonesia that has emerged over the past twenty years has yet to harness the insights to be gained from examining legislative incumbent turnover rates. The goal of this article is twofold. One, to present for the first time a systematic and comprehensive account of incumbent turnover rates in Indonesia across all election cycles since 1998. Two, to sketch an agenda for future research on incumbent turnover in Indonesia and other new democracies and facilitate such research by making publicly available an original dataset on incumbent turnover in Indonesia.

This article evaluates two theoretical perspectives on social organization within the Isthmo-Colombian Area using the comparison of homologous societies. It deals with the characteristics of domestic trash that is found in archaeological sites because it reflects aspects of social organization and activities in the past. This paper examines four political centers; Barriles (Panama), Bolas (Costa Rica), El Hatillo (Panama) and El Venado (Colombia). The data indicate important variations in social inequality, craft production and participation in the interregional exchange of goods.

Abstract The paper outlines a pilot project that archaeologists may use to explore the utility of analyzing surface and subsurface archaeological deposits from cultivated field sites. Surface and subsurface assemblage data are compared from the Aguas Buenas period (cal. A.D. 300–900) site of Pitti-González in western Panama. The analyses presented here illustrate a means by which researchers can assess the validity of surface deposits and choose appropriate sampling designs. In the example considered here, the analysis of surface deposits points toward the same general interpretations as excavation data. It is argued that surface deposits retain significant utility and offer important advantages to researchers.