Columbia College - Missouri

Este estudio analiza la implementación de la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB) en escuelas públicas de la Amazonía peruana, así como las estrategias que los docentes indígenas despliegan para incorporar las lenguas y los saberes originarios en sus prácticas pedagógicas. Aunque el Estado peruano ha reconocido oficialmente las lenguas y culturas originarias y el modelo EIB, su aplicación continúa condicionada por un currículo nacional, evaluaciones estandarizadas y procesos de formación docente que privilegian el castellano y las epistemologías occidentales por encima de conocimientos y prácticas locales. A partir de un trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado en 2024 en dos comunidades Shipibo-Konibo de la región Ucayali, el estudio muestra cómo los docentes navegan las barreras estructurales heredadas de la colonialidad para implementar la EIB. En este proceso emergen actos cotidianos de resistencia y negociación pedagógica, así como también demandas dentro y fuera de estas escuelas amazónicas. Los hallazgos evidencian la paradoja de una EIB que, si bien se presenta como una política de inclusión y empoderamiento para los pueblos originarios, opera a través de circuitos institucionales que reproducen jerarquías epistémicas y estructuras coloniales, relegando las lenguas y los saberes indígenas a un rol periférico o meramente simbólico.

Abstract Variability detected in galaxies is usually attributed to their active galactic nuclei (AGNs). While all AGNs are intrinsically variable, the AGN unification model predicts that Type 2 AGNs rarely vary because their engines are blocked by dust tori. Previous UV to near-IR variability studies largely support this expectation. Here, we present a variability study with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) that reveals a more subtle picture. Using NIRCam imaging data from three surveys over ∼140 arcmin 2 in the COSMOS field, we found 117 galaxies with ≥4 σ variability in the F356W band across an ∼2 yr baseline. Crossmatching with existing JWST spectroscopic data, we identified five of them at z = 0.19–3.69 (F356W corresponding to rest-frame λ ≈ 0.76–2.97 μ m), which were all coincidentally observed by an NIRSpec program almost contemporaneously with the last imaging epoch. One additional variable was identified at z = 0.90 using archival Keck telescope data. These six objects form our spectroscopic subsample. Interestingly, two reside in close-pair environments, while two others form a close pair themselves. Most of their light curves can hardly be explained by nuclear transients, and AGN variability is a more plausible cause. However, among these six objects (1) only one shows broad Bracket and Pfund series permitted lines (Δ v > 1000 km s −1 ) indicative of a Type 1 AGN; (2) two show narrow permitted lines (H α and/or He I λ 10830) consistent with Type 2 AGNs, with another one likely Type 2 based on the host galaxy properties; and (3) two others, which form a pair, show no emission lines. Our results add more challenges to the unification model.

Introduction: Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance in critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity after cardiac surgery. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is an underrecognized cause in this setting. We report the interdisciplinary management of severe hyponatremia with associated postoperative delirium following complex cardiac surgery. Methods: An 82-year-old woman with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, OSA, and an ascending aortic aneurysm underwent elective aortic valve replacement, ascending aortic repair, and left atrial appendage clip placement. Intraoperative management included propofol, isoflurane, and rocuronium, with norepinephrine and epinephrine for hemodynamic support. She required re-exploration for mediastinal bleeding and remained on vasopressors and sedatives postoperatively. Results: Serum sodium decreased from 135 mmol/L on POD2 to 123 mmol/L on POD7, reaching a nadir of 121 mmol/L on POD8. The patient developed intermittent confusion, initially attributed to ICU delirium. Nephrology diagnosed SIADH based on laboratory findings and clinical context. The differential for euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia included SIADH, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and reset osmostat; normal cortisol and acute onset supported SIADH. Contributing factors included CPB-related fluid shifts, perioperative stress, and chronic serotonergic and opioid use (citalopram, trazodone, oxycodone). Management consisted of fluid restriction, oral sodium supplementation, and dexmedetomidine for sedation to minimize delirium while preserving spontaneous ventilation. Sodium normalized to 138 mmol/L over five days. The patient recovered without neurologic sequelae and was discharged on POD13 with home health and outpatient sodium monitoring. Conclusions: Postoperative SIADH is an uncommon but critical cause of hyponatremia after cardiac surgery. Perioperative factors such as cardiopulmonary bypass, vasopressor use, anesthetic agents, and serotonergic medications likely contributed to non-osmotic ADH secretion. Early recognition, targeted therapy, and collaboration between anesthesiology and critical care teams are essential to prevent neurologic complications and improve outcomes.

ABSTRACTThe growing demand for energy in developing societies, coupled with dwindling conventional resources, necessitates the adoption of renewable energy (RE) sources. A comprehensive understanding of these sources and their optimal utilization is crucial. The awareness of the users plays a very important role in the effective utilization of different energy sources. Hence, this study examines the level of RE awareness in Palestine, identifying factors influencing public perception and exploring potential strategies for promoting RE adoption. This awareness depends on different factors related to the users' education level, community type, and type of building. Different factors that affect the willingness and attitude to gain knowledge about RE are presented. In addition, various practices highlighting the increasing level of awareness regarding the adoption of RE sources are investigated. In addition, the status of RE education and its potential impact on engineers have also been discussed. Various individual and institutional efforts are highlighted in the study as strategies to bridge the gap and overcome obstacles to adopting RE sources. Suggestions for better use of these resources have been highlighted. Thereafter, recommendations for effective RE implementation in Palestine are analyzed and conclusions are drawn. The main challenges in integrating RE into Palestine's existing energy grid and system include infrastructure limitations, resources and financial constraints, and political issues. Still, there are possibilities in the form of international collaboration and investment. A flexible and modular RE grid could also address some of these challenges by integrating small‐scale systems that can be scaled up as needed.

The Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chain risk allows attackers to implant hardware Trojans (HT) in various stages of chip production. To counter this, different machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)-based methods have been developed to detect HTs. However, these methods require massive amounts of high-quality labeled data for effective training, extended training times for accurate HT detection, limited generalization to novel or unseen HTs, and insufficient capability to explain the detected HTs. Recent studies have started exploring the potential of Large language models (LLMs) for hardware security tasks. However, there are no current studies that explore, study, and compare the applicability of open-source vs. enterprise LLMs for efficient HT detection and explanation of the detected HT. To close the gap, we propose an innovative HT detection and explanation method by leveraging the knowledge of a pre-trained LLM, namely enterprise application programming interface (API)-enabled a Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)-3.5 Turbo, Google Gemini 1.5 Pro and open-source LLMs: Meta AI Llama-3.1 and DeepSeek AI DeepSeek-V2 models, which have already been trained on massive and diverse datasets and is capable of providing the reasoning of the detected HT. Specifically, we apply In-Context Learning (ICL)-based mechanisms: zero-shot, one-shot, and few-shot learning strategies (e.g., register transfer level (RTL) files (Verilog) of the circuit) to adopt this model for HT detection and explanation tasks. We validate our proposed approach on diverse circuit design benchmarks from Trust-Hub and ISCAS (85 and 89). Our experimental results show that the proposed few-shot learning-based enterprise-API-enabled GPT-3.5 Turbo and open-source DeepSeek-V2 LLM models detect unknown HTs with an accuracy of 97% and 91% and drastically reduce the training time compared to state-of-the-art techniques. Furthermore, after detecting the HT, they provide human-centric reasoning/explanation, reinforcing transparency and trust in the IC supply chain through its understanding.

IntroductionIncarceration negatively affects inmates' skin and overall quality of life. Overcrowded jail cells, poor hygiene, unsanitary conditions, and limited access to quality healthcare significantly increase the incidence of skin diseases among incarcerated persons (IP). This review examines these diseases, their causes, and strategies to mitigate them. MethodsA literature search using Google Scholar and PubMed covered studies from 2002 to 2023, identifying eighteen peer-reviewed studies. These studies provided data on IP skin conditions, adherence to treatment, IP living conditions, healthcare access, and strategies to alleviate skin conditions. ResultsThe studies were conducted in Australia, Cameroon, Canada, France, Guinea, India, Italy, Korea, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Taiwan, Turkey, and the United States. They consistently showed that inadequate healthcare, poor hygiene, overcrowding, and improper treatment protocols contribute to skin diseases in IP. Common conditions included scabies, fungal infections, acne, and psoriasis. Teledermatology has proven effective in reducing these conditions. Additional measures should focus on reducing overcrowding and improving hygiene practices. ConclusionsIP face numerous dermatological challenges that impact their health and well-being. Enhancing hygiene, improving on-site care with teledermatology, and implementing policy reforms can mitigate these issues from the standpoint of the prison health system director. Dermatologists from the community or academic centers must engage to prioritize the healthcare model or models that will work best in their region since they are responsible for diagnosing and treating IP.

Abstract The title is an important component of the manuscript, as it must convey sufficient information about the project to attract potential readers to engage further with the study. Researchers have examined titles and titling conventions in various disciplines, but not yet in music education. The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive content analysis of characteristics of the titles of articles published from 1991 through 2021 in three prominent music education research journals published in the United States: Journal of Research in Music Education, Journal of Music Teacher Education, and Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education. In addition, we examined possible changes in title characteristics over time and the number of citations for articles published in 2014 with respect to selected title characteristics. The number of words per title ranged from four to 27, with an average of 12, and this has not changed much over the past 30 years. A majority of titles were descriptive, although there were small but notable increases over the past 10 years in proportions of declarative and interrogative titles. Title length was not associated with research method nor with the number of citations for articles published during the 1-year period examined.

Introduction: There is a lack of data on procedural safety and outcomes in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease (RMVD) undergoing atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the presence of RMVD may affect the outcomes of patients undergoing AF ablation and tested this hypothesis using data from a large, nationally representative sample of the US population. Methods: The National Readmissions Database (NRD) was analyzed from 2016-2019 to identify patients ≥ 18 years old undergoing AF ablation. Patients with RMVD were then identified by using ICD-10 CM codes. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to adjust for confounders. Results: Our cohort included 50,728 weighted AF ablation procedures, of which 3,500 (6.9%) patients had RMVD. Patients with RMVD were older at the time of catheter ablation, with a significantly higher percentage of females, less likely to have paroxysmal AF, and had a higher burden of comorbidities including congestive heart failure, renal failure, and hypertension. On multivariable analysis, the presence of RMVD was associated with higher odds of cardiovascular complications (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.47; p<0.01) with no difference in the odds of in-hospital mortality or other periprocedural outcomes. Also, RMVD was associated with longer length of stay (adjusted mean difference: +1.06; 95% CI: +0.67 - +1.45; p<0.01) days and lower odds of routine home discharge (aOR:0.77; 95% CI: 0.69-0.87; p<0.01). There was no difference in the odds of 30-day or 180-day all-cause, AF-related, or atrial flutter-related readmissions in patients with RMVD vs. no RMVD (Figure 1). Conclusion: In conclusion, patients with RMVD undergoing AF ablation have higher odds of periprocedural cardiovascular complications with similar odds of 30-day and 180-day all-cause and AF-related readmissions