Comprehensive Autism and related Disabilities Education and Training

Hysteria, asthma, and skin illnesses with inflammation are all treated by Passiflora foetida, a wild species of the Passifloraceae family. The purpose of this work is to determine the phytochemical contents, antioxidant capabilities, and FTIR analysis of Passiflora foetida crude methanol extract. Standard laboratory methods were used to conduct the phytochemical analysis. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extract was measured using an UltraViolet-Visible Spectrophotometer at 517nm against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydroxyl (DPPH). In addition, an FTIR characterization study was performed. The sample, according to the phytochemical screening analysis, contains tannin, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols. At 300µg/mL concentration, the highest antioxidant activity was recorded (73.36 percent), whereas, at 1000µg/mL concentration, the lowest activity (60.31 percent) was obtained. FTIR spectrum bands of 2852–2922 cm-1 -CH- group, 1507 – 1715 cm-1 band of C-C aromatic group, 1173 – 1362cm-1 band of C-O aromatic and ester groups are notable in the spectrum. The results of this study revealed that Passiflora foetida may be a promising plant to be exploited in drug discovery.

A Schiff base ligand, 4-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-allylideneamino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3-one has been synthesized by the condensation of Methoxycinnamaldehyde and 4-aminoantipyrine. Its divalent metal complexes of Co, Ni, and Cu were also synthesized using the mechanochemical solvent-free method. The ligand and the complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV/visible, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GC-MS. The ligand behaved as a bidentate donor by using its carbonyl and azomethine N as binding sites for the metals. The ligand showed low activity against some microbes but the complexes were remarkably active against the fungi species.

In this project microcontroller 8051 was used for comparisons between set Impedance and calculated Impedance for based distance relay of the protection of transmission line, based on that trip signal is send to circuit breaker. The Hardware consisted of main CT and VT, auxiliary VT and CT ,BLF ,sample and hold(S/H) circuit ,multiplexer ,ADC and microcontroller 8051.In which the main CT and VT step down the current and voltage respectably passed to auxiliary CT and VT for protecting the remaining components and convert the current into voltage in the output of auxiliary CT, then passed it to band limit filter to limit the frequency for sampling hold after sampling and hold circuit the signal is passed to multiplexer then to the ADC for analogue to digital conversion, after the conversion the digital signals is passed to the 8051 microcontroller to processing the signals that is calculating the average, impedance and compare it with the set impedance (store impedance) to generate trip signal when calculate impedance is less than or equal to set impedance. The trip signal is send to circuit breaker for tripping the first zone if condition is no it go to zone second zone and check the condition if yes trip is send to circuit breaker if no it go to third zone if yes trip and jump to initial point if not it go back to initial point. The relay software has been developed and simulated using Proteus software in which signal generator, ADC, microcontroller and LEDs are used for the purpose of checking fault in transmission.

Abstract Nigeria federation has a population of over 150 million people out of which 80% are living in the rural areas. It has 36 states with 774 local government council areas spread across the country. The large rural population is a direct consequence of poor living standards, shelter, infrastructure and issues of physical and social environment. The wild spread of illiteracy, poverty, hunger, and disease, absence of basic infrastructure such as water, roads, schools, electricity and health services are by no means having negative impact on rural development. The characteristics of rural people are identified and the information needs, sources and types of information desired are highlighted. Also the challenges and benefits of information services delivery and the value of information and communication technologies (ICT) is mentioned. Keywords: Information, service delivery, rural people, information and communication technology.

Oil was extracted from the seeds of groundnut, melon and Moringa oleifera. The physicochemical properties of groundnut oil, melon oil and moringa oil were determined. The acid value obtained was 9.76 mgKOH/g, 7.85 mgKOH/g and 1.91 mgKOH/g for moringa, melon and groundnut oil respectively. The Iodine value was found to be 35.85 mg/g, 83.75 mg/g and 59.64 mg/g for moringa, melon and groundnut oil respectively. The Peroxide values were moringa oil - 13.80 meq/kg, melon oil - 5.60 meq/kg and groundnut oil - 10.80 meq/kg. Unsaponifiable matter values were moringa oil - 8.59 g/kg, melon oil - 2.18 g/kg, groundnut oil - 5.77 g/kg while the saponification values were moringa oil - 155.68 mgKOH/g, melon oil - 180.92 mgKOH/g and groundnut oil - 168.30 mgKOH/g. The volatile matter in the oils was found to be 0.06. 0.07 And 0.04 in groundnut, melon and moringa oil respectively. All the oils were pale yellow in colour and liquids at room temperature. The results obtained from the physicochemical characterization of the oils shows that moringa oleifera seed oil compares favourably with the other oils and has high potentials for use both as domestic oil and as industrial oil. Keywords : Groundnut, Melon, Moringa Oleifera, Oil, Physicochemical.

The Asteraceae family of plants is a widely distributed medicinal plant throughout the world and has been used since ancient time. Members of this family have been used traditionally as astringent, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, diaphoretic in fevers, smooth muscle relaxant, nerve tonics, laxatives and for the treatment of wounds, bleedings, headache, pains, spasmodic diseases, flatulence, dyspepsia dysentery, lumbago, leucorrhoea, hemorrhoids, gangrenous ulcer and disorders causing cachexia.Phytochemical investigations of the Asteraceae family have revealed that many components from this family are highly bioactive. There are many reports on the mentioned herbal effects. Although, the medicinal properties ofplants belonging to the Asteraceae family are recognized worldwide, there is no review article mainly about the structures of the phytochemical constituents of the plant of the asteraceaefamily. The present paper reviews the medicinal properties alongside with peculiar phytoconstituent of various plants belonging to the Asteraceae family. Various medicinal effects of these plants may be due to the presence of a broad range of secondary bioactive metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, terpenoids (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes) and sterols which have been frequently reported from the Asteraceae family.

  Aqueous extract of the leaves, stem-bark and root-bark of Ficus sycomorus were screened for chemical constituents and effects on muscle relaxation, local anaesthetic and sleeping time on 20 wister rats (138.7 - 143.9g ± 22.4 ) and one rabbit (1300 g ± 0.00). The extract contained tannins, alkaloids, reducing compounds, saponins, flavonoids, steroid, terpenoids and anthracenoside. The aqueous root bark extract induced 50% anaesthesia at 30 mg/ml on rabbit compared with xylocaine. The extract was also tested on rats to see its effect on aminobarbitone sleeping time as it increased the period. The extract was observed to show muscle relaxation in rats. It promotes muscle relaxantion and increased aminobarbitone sleeping time in rats. Hence, F. sycomorus exhibits pharmacological activities.   Key words: Muscle relaxation, local anaesthetic, sleeping time, tannins, alkaloids, steroid, flavonoids.