Cultural Relics Institute Hebei Province

ABSTRACT Shell ornaments excavated from the Gebusailu Site in the Xizang Autonomous Region of China, dating back to 750 BC , were analyzed to study their geographic origin, manufacturing process and preservation state. Concretely, they were investigated by ultra‐depth microscope (SDM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The results showed that the raw materials of the shell ornaments possibly came from the coast of the Indian Ocean and were processed by cutting, grinding and drilling. In addition, the shell ornaments are slightly powdered and consolidation treatment is necessary. This paper provides important evidence for the cross‐regional exchange among prehistoric Xizang with adjacent regions and valuable information about esthetics and cultural taste of the ancient Tibetan ethnic group.

Electronic signatures play a crucial role in verifying signer identities, but their lack of personalized information increases the risk of forgery. To address this issue, a stress luminescent material based on NaNbO3:Pr3+ was developed and applied in anti-counterfeiting devices. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to undoped NaNbO3, the Pr3+-doped material exhibits new absorption peaks within the 350 – 500 nm range. The stress luminescence intensity of the material increases initially and then decreases with rising annealing temperatures and Pr3+ doping concentrations. The optimal annealing temperature and doping concentration, yielding the highest stress luminescence intensity, were identified as 1075 °C and 0.7 %, respectively. Additionally, while the luminescence intensity of NaNbO3:Pr3+ diminishes with repeated friction, its luminescent performance is restored after UV irradiation. In anti-counterfeiting device testing, the device incorporating 1075 °C annealed NaNbO3:0.7 %Pr3+ was able to effectively capture variations in the writer’s force during the writing process. This capability reflects the writer's unique writing habits, thereby enhancing the anti-counterfeiting effectiveness of electronic signatures. These findings indicate that the proposed NaNbO3:Pr3+ stress luminescent material can effectively encode personalized information in electronic signatures, significantly improving their anti-counterfeiting performance.

PurposePrioritising economic, environmental and social requirements of society has become imperative for attaining a competitive edge in the global marketplace. This study examines how internal and external factors influence sustainable strategic orientations of Chinese small technology enterprises. It uses an initial framework grounded in institutional theory and resource-based view (RBV).Design/methodology/approachThe study surveyed small technology enterprises using quantitative techniques. A combination of partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to analyse 402 valid samples with statistical significance.FindingsThe PLS-SEM results show that absorptive capacity, innovation culture and coercive pressure positively influence small enterprises’ sustainability orientation. Additionally, the fsQCA method identifies five complex combinations of causal antecedents that can facilitate small enterprises’ adoption of sustainability orientation.Practical implicationsThe findings reaffirm the importance of maintaining ideal environmental cognition and external institutional pressure. Specifically, enterprises need to strategically allocate their limited resources to optimal levels and combinations to achieve sustainability orientation.Originality/valueThis study enhances the understanding of sustainability orientation by integrating the RBV and institutional theory, highlighting various factors that promote sustainability at the firm level. Furthermore, asymmetric research perspectives show the triggers of sustainability orientation from both symmetrical and asymmetrical perspectives. Set theory approaches represent a pioneering approach that captures the intricacies of sustainability orientation, advancing beyond previous variance-based findings by providing optimal mix solutions.

This paper discusses the innovative application of UE5 illusory engine in the interactive display design of ancient architectural cultural heritage. The main features of UE5 illusory engine are introduced, including real-time rendering, global illumination, real physical simulation and interaction design. The main way of interactive display design of ancient architectural cultural heritage by using UE5 illusory engine is put forward: to show the visual charm of ancient architecture through highly realistic rendering effect; through rich interaction design, guide the audience to participate in the experience through virtual reality technology, the audience's immersive experience is realized. Through case analysis, the feasibility and effectiveness of the above design method are verified. The research results of this paper show that the UE5 illusory engine provides new possibilities for the interactive display design of ancient architectural cultural heritage, and enables the audience to better understand and feel the charm of ancient architectural cultural heritage.