Cyto Labs

Presented on Wednesday 17 May: Session 14 Engineering is the foundation of the infrastructure, resources, products, systems and services that serve our community. As technology advances there is high demand for science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) skills to keep up with the requirements of every industry. However, the statistics and research imply that supply will not meet demand in the very near future, and, in Australia less than 15% of STEM graduates are female. Taking into consideration the industry in which we operate and Clough’s strategic priorities and ESG (environmental, social and governance) framework, we recognised the need to support STEM and to spark curiosity in these subjects during high school years when students are making the key decision about what profession they will pursue. Clough also recognised that it required collaboration between schools, universities and industry. In 2021, Clough developed a program that included: a pipeline of touch points to ensure STEM careers and industry opportunities were presented as early as Year 7; a partnership with a local university to work with girls in Year 11, targeting senior secondary students studying prerequisite mathematics to offer them exposure to engineering activities, role models and career opportunities; a partnership with Engineers Australia; Open Days at our offices for school students in Years 10–12 to provide them with an opportunity to experience engineering as a career; a revamp of Clough’s Scholarship program to support students during their first years of university; and an internship program for STEM-related functions from the first year of university. To access the Oral Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here

An 8-year and 10-month-old boy presented following 2 weeks of abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and rectal pain. A diffuse lower-abdominal mass was felt upon palpation, with radiological findings confirming the presence of a large, multilobulated intraperitoneal mass with mesenteric lymphadenopathy and hepatic metastatic disease. A biopsy of the mass revealed anatomical pathological findings consistent with a diagnosis of intra-abdominal undifferentiated carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP). The patient was treated with six cycles of carboplatin and gemcitabine prior to surgery. Following incomplete resection of the tumor, four further cycles were administered resulting in resolution of the pelvic mass, but progression in the right and left lobes of the liver. Therapy was accordingly adjusted, with administration of six cycles of ifosfamide and doxorubicin followed by 1 year of metronomic vinorelbine and cyclophosphamide maintenance therapy. The patient remains in remission 7 years from completion of therapy. Whole exome sequencing revealed missense mutations in the DNA-repair and chromatin-remodeling genes FANCM and SMARCD2, and a tumor-derived cell line revealed a complex karyotype suggesting chromosomal instability. CUP is an extremely rare diagnosis in the pediatric population, previously reported during adolescence. This report provides detailed characterization of CUP in a young child and in the absence of defined therapeutic guidelines for pediatric CUP, the successful treatment strategy described should be considered for similar cases.

ABSTRACTTerminally differentiated murine osteocytes and adipocytes can be reprogrammed using platelet-derived growth factor–AB and 5-Azacytidine into multipotent stem cells with stromal cell characteristics. To generate a product that is amenable for therapeutic application, we have modified and optimised culture conditions to reprogram human adipocytes into induced multipotent stem cells (iMS) and expand them in vitro. The basal transcriptomes of adipocyte-derived iMS cells and matched adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells were remarkably similar. However, there were distinct changes in histone modifications and CpG methylation at cis-regulatory regions consistent with an epigenetic landscape that was primed for tissue development and differentiation. In a non-specific tissue injury xenograft model, iMS cells contributed directly to new muscle, bone, cartilage and blood vessels with no evidence of teratogenic potential. In a cardiotoxin muscle injury model, iMS cells contributed specifically to satellite cells and myofibres without ectopic tissue formation. Taken together, human adipocyte derived iMS cells regenerate tissues in a context dependent manner without ectopic or neoplastic growth.